Pan-Arabism to Pan-Islamism Flashcards
why did it fail
born were the colonial powers were the common enemy
Pan arabism undermined
the legitimacy of individual rulers
a response
to the domination of an outsider - europeans and ottomans
Israel
provided them with a common enemy - the defeat of 1948-9 proved this
Nasser
became the hero and leader of the Pan-Arabic world
1958
UAR formed
defeat of 1967
was a major blow to Pan-Arabism
if unity did not bring victory then what did
1979 Treaty
caused disunity amongst Arab states
Egypt had pursued its national interests
1980-88 war
Syria sided with non-Arab Iran, underlined the differences
Arab league
formed 1945 - achieved cultural and economic co-ordination
the arab league has
played an important role in shaping school curricula and preserving manuscripts
aims of Pan-Arabism
- stop Jewish immigration
- fight against oppressors
- unity Arab world and gain greater collective power
successes
- nasser was unchallenged leader of the Arab world
- overthrew pro-Western government in Iraq 1958
- voice of Arabs radio
- cairo conference PLO set up
reasons for failure
- cultural divisions
- tension between leaders
- 1967 defeat and 1970 death of Nasser
- 1979 treaty seen as a betrayal
as Pan-Arabism faltered
Pan-Islamism rose to prominence in the latter half of the 20th century
Pan-Islamism
saw no divide between religion and politics
aimed to resist threat of Israel and West
conservative monarchies
see Pan-Islamism as a threat
Islamic groups
Muslim Brotherhood - founded in Egypt
Hamas - founded in Palestine
Hezbollah - founded in Lebanon
Muslim Brotherhood
social and welfare success, but ultimately failed to create a wholly Islamic society
banned under Nasser and 1000s arrested
Hezbollah
funds schools and hospitals and has strong support in the Lebanese elections
Hamas
showed leadership in Intifada uprisings and also offered welfare assistance through funding schools and healthcare centres
political Islam attacks in Egypt
several assassination attempts on Mubarak
58 tourists killed in 1997
grievances of Al Qaeda against west
US presence in ME seemed like an attempt to dominate the Arab and Muslim world
‘destruction’ of Iraq by UN sanctions
their backing of Israel
war on terror
US forces attacked Afghan and overthrow Taliban government
