iraq

Question 1

mainly

Answer 1

Shiite but Sunni’s dominated government

Question 2

1968

Answer 2

Baathist party gain power

Question 3

during the 70s

Answer 3

Saddam Hussein began to exercise control

became president in 1979

Question 4

after WW1

Answer 4

Britain controlled Iraq as a mandate

Question 5

granted independence

Answer 5

in 1932

Question 6

PM in 1938

Answer 6

was pro-Western - Nuri Al-Said

Question 7

problems post WW1

Answer 7

the vast majority of the country were landless peasants and were ruled by a small number of wealthy landowners - caused widespread discontent

Question 8

1958

Answer 8

army coup carried out - overthrew the monarchy and established a republic

Question 9

the new gov post 1958

Answer 9

took Iraq out of the Baghdad pact and persuaded Britain to withdraw its troops

also secured more control over oil supplies

Question 10

in 1960s

Answer 10

call for Arab unity won much support in Iraq

lots of support for UAR but the military gov resisted pressure to join

Question 11

1972

Answer 11

Iraq nationalised oil industry

Question 12

Baathist achievements in 70s

Answer 12

• electricity extended to countryside and roads and schools were built
• aim of education - to promote Arab unity

Question 13

repressions and executions under Saddam

Answer 13

death penalty for concealing membership to different political parties

tried and executed opposition to Baathist party, as well as those who left the party

Question 14

Saddam’s treatment of Kurds

Answer 14

1988 - Iraqi planes bombed Kurdish town of Halabja with chemical weapons, 5000 were killed immediately and 12,000 later

Question 15

national hero

Answer 15

Saddam was portrayed as a national hero, dedicated to his people

Question 16

Israel

Answer 16

Saddam produced anti-Israel propaganda

after the 1979 Treaty of Washington, he accused Egypt of betraying the Arab cause

Question 17

Saddam’s treatment of Shiites

Answer 17

1980-1 - 200,000 were deported to Iran

Question 18

1980 declared war

Answer 18

Saddam expected Iran to immediately splinter, but instead, his invasion cemented Khomeini’s rule as his people rallied behind him

Question 19

1980 war

Answer 19

Iraqi’s were overstretched and in 1982 were forced into strategic defence

Question 20

Iran attacked Iraq’s oil shipping

Answer 20

causing shortages and many of the world’s powers to back Iraq

Question 21

1988

Answer 21

Iran had exhausted itself and lacked the resources to continue

UN proposed a ceasefire in July 1988

Question 22

stalemate

Answer 22

but both Iran and Iraq considered themselves the victor

over a million deaths and were heavily in debt

Question 23

Gulf war

Answer 23

Saddam invaded Kuwait in April 1990 and cited historical claims to the land

Question 24

UN response to Iraq’s invasion 1990

Answer 24

placed sanctions on Iraq

Question 25

troops on SA border 1990

Answer 25

raised concerns for the close US ally - USand other nations began a military build up in SA - operation Desert Shielf

Question 26

after peace in 1991

Answer 26

US encouraged Shiites and Kurds to rise up and initiate an internal regime change - Saddam stomped it out

although his regional power had been curbed, his internal reign of terror would continue

Question 27

9/11

Answer 27

Saddam applauded it as he saw it as psychological damage to his enemies

Question 28

motivations for the Iran-Iraq war

Answer 28

Saddam feared the spread of Iran’s Islamic revolution

he also wanted to gain territory, especially the Shatt-al-Arab waterway, which would give him better access tot the Gulf

Question 29

Arab states supported Iraq 1980-88

Answer 29

feared Islamic revoltuion, as an Iranian victory could stir up the Shiite minorities in their own countries

Question 30

West supported Iraq 1980-88

Answer 30

because they too opposed Iran’s new regime