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Middle East > Britain and France in ME > Flashcards

Britain and France in ME Flashcards

1
Q

before WW1

A

both controlled Suez -trade and strategic military significance and both needed oil

Britain also controlled Egypt, Iran and Persian gulf

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2
Q

WW1 and immediately after

A

1915 - MacMahon-Hussein

1916 - Sykes-Picot

1917 - Balfour Declaration

1919 - Mandates to Br and Fr

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3
Q

1921

A

France invaded Syria to dethrone Faisal

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4
Q

1920s

A

Britain installed Faisal and Abdullah as puppet rulers of Iraq and Transjordan

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5
Q

mandates

A

France: Syria and Lebanon

Britain: Palestine, Iraq and Transjordan

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6
Q

Britain in Palestine

A

allowed increasing Jewish immigration

wanted to set up a Jewish state, but faced increasing opposition from Palestinians

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7
Q

during and after WW2

A

all mandates gained independence and Palestine was handed over to UN who set up Israel

1956: Suez crisis
1991: Britain helped invade Kuwait
2003: Britain helped invade and occupy Iraq

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8
Q

British aims pre 1956

A

to protect Suez, to protect oil supplies, control mandates and to promote Israel

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9
Q

US policy up to 1948

A

support for Zionism - Biltmore Declaration 1942

recognised Israel 1948

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10
Q

US cold war priorities

A

-needed to maintain relations with Arabs to stop USSR influence spreading - tried to gain Nasser’s support in 1950s, supported him in Suez

after Suez, US became dominant GP in ME

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11
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine 1957

A

Eisenhower feared USSR influence - showed support for Arabs against Israel, while still supporting Israel

this even-handed treatment of Arabs and Israel helped maintain peace

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12
Q

US policy after 6day war

A
  • US “Jewish lobby” (4 million) urged gov to support Israel. Saw Israel as key to peace in ME
  • support for Isreal after 1967 saw many Arab countries move closer to USSR
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13
Q

US influence after 1973

A

Egypt and US realised they needed to be friendly to the other

Egyptian and Syria attack on Israel shook US belief in Israeli superiority

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14
Q

US peacekeeping 70s-2000s

A

1978 Camp David

1979 Treaty of Washington

1991 Madrid Conference

1993+95 Oslo

2000 Clinton tried further to resolve Israel-Palestine issue

2003 Bush began “road map to peace”

2009 Obama stated opposition to Jewish settlements on WB

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15
Q

US military involvement 1980s-2003

A

1980-88 US support Iraq

1990-91 US led coalition forces

1991 began occupation fo Iraq to look for WMD

2003 invaded Iraq again

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16
Q

key US aims

A

supporting Israel

safeguarding oil supplies 1956 –>

Israel/Palestine settlement 1970s —>

Cold war dominance and stability 1950s-90s

“war against terror” 2000s

17
Q

Soviet’s in ME before WW2

A

some attempts to gain influence in Iran for oil

18
Q

soviet cold war objectives

A

protect its borders with Iran and Afghan

gain influence over Arab states and spread communism

19
Q

soviet-Egyptian relations

A

supported Nasser against Britain and Israel

supported Czech arms deal 1955 and provided economic aid for Aswan

20
Q

soviets in and after Suez

A

supporter Nasser against West

supplied arms to Egypt and Syria - “its client states”

21
Q

soviets in 1967

A

told Nasser Israeli troops were preparing to attack Syria

this encourages Egypt to invade and trigger war - although they insisted this wasn’t their aim

22
Q

soviets 1967-73

A

arab defeat in 1967 was a major blow to Soviet prestige

USSR continued to supply arms, although it risked major conflict

1970 Sadat expelled soviet advisors

23
Q

soviets 1973

A

USSR supplied more arms to Egypt

after the war, it was clear that the US was the dominant power in the region. Sadat, therefore, turned to US to help negotiate peace

24
Q

League of Nations after WW1

A

1919 Mandates to BR and Fr

1922 LON confirmed aim of creating a Jewish homeland

25
Q

UN and Israel

A

1947 set up Israel

1967 Resolution 242 called for “peace for land” in Israel/Palestine

26
Q

UN and Iraq

A

1990 sanctions against Iraq to force it to withdraw from Kuwait

2003 didn’t give approval for US and UK invasion fo Iraq

27
Q

aims of LON

A

divide ME between European powers to create stability

to promote Zionism

Middle East (44 decks)

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