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Kirstys Flashcards > Pain: physiology > Flashcards

Pain: physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

A sensory or emotional experience assoicated with damage

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2
Q

Is pain a sensation or perception?

A

Perception

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3
Q

What are different classes of pain?

A

Somatogenic, Neuropathic, pyschogenic

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4
Q

What is somatogenic pain?

A

Pain that originates from a physically identifiable cause

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5
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

Pain associated with nerve damage

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6
Q

What is pyschogenic pain?

A

Pain where there is no physical identifiable cause.

CAN BE AS INTENSE AS PHYSICAL PAIN

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7
Q

What schedules of pain are there?

A

Acute: short lived and remitting

Chronic: Long loved and peristant

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8
Q

What is Nociception?

A

Sensing pain from a noxious stimuli

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9
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

A receptor which detects damage

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10
Q

What is a noxious stimuli?

A

Harmful/ unpleasant signal which activates nociceptors e.g. cold/heat extremities, chemicals

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11
Q

Why do we feel pain?

A
  • Learning mechanism to avoid harmful stimulis in future
  • protective distraction
  • evolutionary advantage
  • Protection of body parts being repaired after injury
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12
Q

What is pain threshold?

A

The level of noxious stimuli required to alert an individual of a potential threat to tissues

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13
Q

Pain tolerance

A

Amount of pain a person is willing to or able to withstand

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14
Q

What is accomidation phenomenom

A

Adapation by sensory receptors to various stimuli over a period of time often leading to reduced sensitivity

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15
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Sensory system for awareness of the position of your body. E.g. how stretched muscles are.

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16
Q

How do Nocioceptors detect noxious stimulis?

A

There are specialist ion channels and receptors on different nocicoceptors which detect changes in temperature,chemical signals associated with pain.

17
Q
  1. Explain what happens to the graph when an injury occurs.
  2. What is hyperalagesia?
  3. What is alllodynia?
A
  1. Line shifts to left therefore less stimuli is required for same painful response
  2. Increased sensitivity to pain
  3. Pain from a non-noxious stimuli
18
Q

What is the difference between anaesthesia and analgesia?

A

Anaesthesia: complete loss of sensation in part ot all of body casued by a neurological change or pharmacological agent

Analgesia: A neurologic or pharmacologic state in which painful stimuli are no longer painful

19
Q

Describe the differences between fast pain pathways and slow pain pathways

A

FAST PAIN PATHWAY

SLOW PAIN PATHWAY

Carried by Ad fibres

Carried by C fibres

Sharp prickling sensation

Dull, aching burning sensation

Easily localised

Poorly localised

Occurs first

Occurs second, lasts longer, more unpleasant

Stim. of mechanical, thermal nociceptors

Stim. of polymodal nociceptors

20
Q

Describe how pain is detected and responded too

A

Pain detected by nocicoceptors and an impulse produced which passes along sensory afferent neurons to the spinal cord. Here it passed across a synapse and is propagated up to the the thalamus. Before it may pass through reticular formation in the brain stem. At the thalamus it passes 2 further synapses before reaching the somatosensory cerebral coretx.

impules proragtes along motor neuron axon to effect muscle to have its effect.

Receptors maybe activated through immune factors released due to damaged tissues

21
Q

What are the 3 theroies for pain control?

A
  • Gate Control Theory
  • Centeral biasing theory
  • Endogenous opiates theory
22
Q

In Gate Control theory what does the opening/ closing of the gate depend on?

A
  • Amount of activity
  • Type of nerve fibre
  • Selective cognitive process
23
Q

What is gate control theory?

A

Other sensory inputs have the ability to reduce intensity of pain by competing with neurons carrying pain impulses to reach the gate first.

Pain fibres are carried on slower, smaller neuron fibres, where as other sensations are carried by larger, faster fibres. These other sensation impules are likely to reach the gate first and inhibit the pain impulse.

24
Q

What is general visceral afferent?

A

The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system.

25
Q

What is the phantom limb pain?

A

Pathological pain after amputation felt in missing limb

26
Q

What is empathy

A

The ability to recoginize emotions being experienced by another

27
Q

What are mirror neurons?

A

These fire when we carry out a task and we see someone else carry out the same task

28
Q

What is the central biasing theory?

A

The body uses past experiences with pain to judge the intensity/severity of current pain

Kirstys Flashcards (116 decks)

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