CPT1: Parkinsons 1 Flashcards
What is Parkinsons disease?
A long term neurodegenerative disease of the CNS that mainly effects the motor system
What are the symptoms of parkinsons?
- slow movement
- balance problems
- tremor/ rigidty
- restlessness
- involuntary movement
What factors causes Parkinsons disease?
- Stroke
- Infection (viral encephalitis)
- Drug-induced (neuroleptics, mptp)
Describe what happens to the body when people have parkinsons
hint: think brain
- Progressive neurodegenrative disease of the basal ganglia and brain stem
- Loss of 70-80% of neurons in the substantia nigra
- This means less dopamine in the striatum
What dopamine pathways is there and what do these control?
Nigrostriatal PW: responsible for motor control
Mesolimbic/cortical PW: Emotion/ behaviour
Tuberohypophyseal system: Endocrine/ behaviour
What system does Parkinsons effect and what does this cause?
Disorder of the extrapyrimidal motor system involving the basal ganglia.
Causes posture, motor tone and smooth voluntary motor activity effecst
In the nigrostriatal PW where is dopamine transferred from and too?
Substantia nigra to the striatum
What in terms of transmitters is the cause of Parkinsons and what is the treatment?
Loss of dopamenergic (DA) transmission and hence excessive cholinergic (Ach).
Therefor increase DA or decrease Ach
Over activity of Ach leads to motor symptoms
What causes Parkinsons disease?
Hint: Changes inside the body
- Abnormal Ca2+ handling in dopamine neurons
- Alterations in iron metabolism
- Defects in mitocondrial energy production
- Oxadative stress and free radical damage in substantia nigra
- Abnormal synuclein processing leading to aggregates and fibrilas - Lewy bodies
What is the genetic factors for Parkinsons disease?
- a-synuclein involved in dopamine release. Mutations form aggregates which assoicate with neuronal death.
- Mutations in parkin, UCH-L1 and LRRK2 peptides involved in cellular waste disposal
- Mutations in parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1. These are involved in mitocondiral functino or protecting cells from free radial production
What are enviromental factors associated with Parkinsons
Drug induced:
- Calcium Channel blockers
- Antisychotics
Toxins:
- MPTP
- MANEB
- Paraquat
What types of treatment are there for parkinsons?
- Drugs
- speach therapy
- Physiotherapy
- surgery/ implantation
- dietician
- social work
- specialist nurse
What effect do drugs have?
- Don’t cure - treats symptoms
- improves quality of life
- miinimizes deteroritation
- minimizes side effects
What is drug treatment aim?
- Increase Dopaminergic activity
- Decrease Cholinergic activity
What drug is used for the treatment of parkinsons? why can’t others be used?
L- dopa
L-Dopa can cross BBB, NA and DA cannot
