Pain: Pharmacology Flashcards
What are examples of endogenous opioids used in modulation of pain?
- Met-enkephalin
- Leu-Enkephalin
- B Endorphin
- Dynorphin-A, Dynorphin-B
- Endomorphin
Examples of endo-cannabiniods
- AEA
- 2-AG
Examples of opioid receptors
- Delta, Kappa, Mu-opioid receptors
- N/OFQ
- GPCR (Gi/o)
Examples of endo-cannabinoid receptors
- CB1
- CB2
- GPCR (Gi/o)
Effects of Opiods
- Analgesic
- Sedative
- Euphoric
- Neuro-protection
- Reward, emotion, stress
(ANSER)
Effects of endo-cannabinioids
- Euphoric
- Anti-convulsent
- Anti-inflamatory
- Analgesic
- Where can endogenous receptors be found?
- Where can endougenous drugs modulate?
- Higher centres, spinal cord, Periphery, GUT, endothemlium
- Spinal cord, higher centers, PW to higher centers
What are examples of analgesic drugs used in treatment of mild pain?
Paracetomal, Iboprofen, NSAIDs, aspirin, Naproxen
What are examples of analgesics used in mild to moderate pain?
weak opiods - codenine, dihydrocodiene
What are examples of analgesic drugs used to treat severe pain?
Strong opiods - morphine sulphate, oxycodone, fentanyl, oxycontin
What are problems associated with opiod usage?
- Addiction
- Tolerance
- Withdrawl
- Over dose
- Side effecrs: constipation, Respiritory depression
What are possible mechanisms of paracetomal?
- Cox1
- Cox2
- cannabinoid
- NO
- vanilloid
- 5Ht
- Peroxidase
Why do people respond differently to opiods
Human populations with altered opioid sensitivity due to expression of specific SNP or splice variant
