pain management Flashcards
1
Q
atraumatic care
A
- Atraumatic care is the use of interventions that minimize or eliminate physical and psychological distress.
- Pain is managed by atraumatic, nonpharmacological, and pharmacological interventions.
2
Q
Influential factors that can have a positive or negative effect on pain perception
A
Age Development stage Chronic or acute disease Prior experiences with pain Personality Family dynamics Culture Socioeconomic status
3
Q
signs of pain young infant
A
- Loud cry
- Rigid body or thrashing
- Local reflex withdrawal from pain stimulus
- Expressions of pain (eyes tightly closed, mouth open in a squarish shape, eyebrows lowered and drawn together)
- Lack of association between stimulus and pain
4
Q
older infant pain signs
A
- Loud cry
- Deliberate withdrawal from pain
- Facial expression of pain
5
Q
toddlers pain signs
A
- Loud cry or screaming
- Verbal expressions of pain
- Thrashing of extremities
- Attempt to push away or avoid stimulus
- Noncooperation
- Clinging to a significant person
- Behaviors occur in anticipation of painful stimulus
- Requests physical comfort
6
Q
school age child pain
A
- Stalling behavior
- Muscular rigidity
- Any behaviors of the toddler, but less intense in the anticipatory phase and more intense with painful stimulus
7
Q
adolescent pain signs
A
- More verbal expressions of pain with less protest
- Muscle tension with body control
8
Q
self report age
A
4 and up
9
Q
nursing care related to pain
A
- Reassess the child’s pain level frequently.
- Use nonpharmacological, pharmacological, or both approaches to manage pain.
- Ask parent or caregiver to reassess the child’s pain level.
- Assess the child for adverse reactions to pain medications.
- Assess the child’s physical functioning following pain management intervention.
- Assess for negative effects or distress the child might experience related to pain, such as anxiety, withdrawal, sleep disruption, fear, depression, or unhappiness.
10
Q
atraumatic care related to pain
A
- Use a treatment room for painful procedures.
- Avoid procedures in “safe places,” such as the play room or the child’s bed.
- Use developmentally appropriate terminology when explaining procedures.
- Offer choices to the child.
- Allow parents to stay with the child during painful procedures.
- Use play therapy to explain procedures, allowing the child to perform the procedure on a doll or toy
11
Q
pharmacologic approach to pain
1st step
2nd step
drug of choice
A
- The WHO recommends a two-step approach for pharmacological management of pain in children.
- For children above 3 months of age with mild pain, the first step is to administer a nonopioid.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for mild pain.
- The second step is to administer a strong opioid.
- Morphine is the drug of choice.
- Optimal dosage of medications control pain without causing severe adverse effects.
- Select the least traumatic route for medication administration.
12
Q
what is acceptable for mild pain
A
tynoal
nsaids
13
Q
moderate to severe pain
A
opioids
- morphone, oxycodone, fentanyl
14
Q
treating pain peripherally and centrally
A
combinding nonopioid and opoid
- greater analgesia and fewer adverse effects
15
Q
FLACC
A
face legs activity cry
2 moths to 7 years
0-10
