medication admin Flashcards
pedi doses are based off
age, body weight, and body surface area.
nursing assessment
- Medication and food allergies
- Appropriateness of medication dose for the child’s age and weight
- Child’s developmental age
- Child’s physiological and psychological condition
- Tissue and skin integrity when administering intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous, and topical medications
- IV patency when administering intravenous
adminstraing
- Calculate the safe dosage for medication.
- Notify the provider if medication dosage is determined to be outside the safe dosage range
- Double-check high-risk and facility-regulated medications with another nurse.
- Use two client identifiers prior to administration: client name and date of birth.
- Two identifiers from the ID band must be confirmed: client name, date of birth, or hospital identification number.
- parents can verify
preparing to inject
Determine parental involvement with administration.
Allow the child to make appropriate choices regarding administration (choosing the left or right leg, whether the parent or nurse will administer the medication).
Prepare the child according to age and developmental stage.
what route of med is prefered for children
oral
oral
- Determine the child’s ability to swallow pills.
- Use the smallest measuring device for doses of liquid medication. Avoid measuring liquid medication in a teaspoon or tablespoon.
- Avoid mixing medication with formula or putting it in a bottle of formula
- Hold the infant in a semireclining position similar to a feeding position.
- Hold the small child in an upright position to prevent aspiration.
- Administer the medication in the side of the mouth in small amounts.
optic meds
- Place the child in a supine or sitting position.
- Extend the child’s head and ask the child to look up.
- Pull the lower eye lid downward and apply medication in the pocket.
- Administer ointments before nap or bedtime.
- If infants clench their eyes closed, place the drops in the nasal corner. When the infant opens his eyes, the medication will enter the eye.
- Apply light pressure to the lacrimal punctum for 1 min to prevent unpleasant taste.
- Play games with younger children.
otic med
- Place the child in a prone or supine position with the affected ear upward.
- Children younger than 3 years: pull the pinna downward and straight back.
- Children older than 3 years: pull the pinna upward and back.
- Allow refrigerated medications to warm to room temperature prior to administration.
- Massage the outer area for a few minutes following administration.
- Play games with younger children.
nasal med
- Position the child with the head extended.
- Use a football hold for infants.
- Insert the tip into the naris vertically, then angle it prior to administration.
aerosol med
- Use a mask for younger children.
- Provide atraumatic care.
- Allow parents to hold the child during treatment.
- Use distraction.
rectal med
- Insert beyond both rectal sphincters.
- Hold the buttocks gently together for 5 to 10 min.
- Halve the medication lengthwise, if necessary.
- Provide atraumatic care.
- Perform the procedure quickly.
- Use distraction.
what to consider when selecting site for IM
- Assess the need for assistance.
- Avoid tracking of medication.
When selecting sites, consider the following.
- Medication amount, viscosity, and type
- Muscle mass, condition, access of site, and potential for contamination
- Treatment course and number of injections
- Age and size of child
common sub c sites
lateral aspect of the upper arm, abdomen, and anterior thigh.
volume and needle size for sub q
- Inject volumes of less than 0.5 mL.
- Use a 1 mL syringe with a 26- to 30-gauge needle.
- Insert at a 90° angle. Use a 45° angle for children who are thin.
recommended sites for IM
Vastus lateralis is the recommended site in infants and small children.
Position the child supine, side-lying, or sitting.
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