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pediatrics > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

congenital heart disease

how are they categorized and what are the consequences

A
  • Anatomic Abnormalities present at birth
  • Cardiac defects prevent normal blood flow to the pulmonary and/or systemic stem.
  • Defects are categorized by blood flow patterns in the heart.
  • Clinical consequences are CHF and Hypoxemia
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2
Q

Inotropes

A 
helps pump heart 
strength of contractibility 
- dopamine 
- dobutamine 
- epinephrine
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3
Q

PGE

A
  • Also known as alprostadil
    Vasodilator
  • Maintains patency of ductus arteriosus in neonates with ductal – dependent congenital heart lesions until surgery can be done.
  • Improve shunting after balloon septostomy has failed to improve oxygenation.
  • alprostadil
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4
Q

tetralogy of fallot

4 defects

A
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • Secondary thickening of right ventricle
  • Aorta lies directly over VSD
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5
Q

tet spells

A
  • Increased resistance of blood flow to the lungs with increased flow of desaturated blood to the body.
  • Sudden cyanosis, progressive cyanosis over first year of life
  • Syncope
  • Hypoxic brain injury
  • Death.
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6
Q

what causes a tet spells

A
  • Crying
  • Defecation
  • Feeding
  • Awakening from naps
  • Fevers
  • Dehydration
  • Tachycardia (decreased filling time leads to reduced end diastolic volume)
  • Medications (ACE inhibitors)
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7
Q

tetraology of fallot symptoms

3

A

Audible Murmur

Cyanosis

Tachypnea

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8
Q

tetralogy of fallot interventions

A

PGE Gtt

Surgical Repair

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9
Q

nursing care for tet spells

A
  • Place Infant in Knee Chest Position
  • Administer 100% Oxygen
  • Administer Morphine
  • Use a Calm Approach
  • IV Fluid replacement for Blood - Volume Expansion
  • Knee-Chest Position (increases Preload and increases SVR)
  • Can even compress abdominal aorta to increase SVR more.
  • Oxygen
  • Oxygen will help decrease PVR.
  • Morphine (calms, decreased tachypnea, and also decreases PVR)
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10
Q

congestive heart failure

caused by:

A

Failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency out of either left or right ventricle caused by:

Excessive work load

Normal workload with damaged myocardium

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11
Q

CHF causes

A

Congenital heart Defects

Acute rheumatic fever

Myocarditis

Endocarditis

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12
Q

chf symtoms

3

A

impaired myocardial function
pulmonary congestion
systemici venous congestion

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13
Q

chf: impaired myocardial function s/s

A

Tachycardia, fatigue, weakness, restlessness, pale, cool extremities, decreased blood pressure, decreased urinary output

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14
Q

chf: pulmonary congestion s/s

A

Tachypnea, dyspnea, respiratory distress, exercise intolerance, cyanosis

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15
Q

chf: systemic venous congestion s/s

A

Peripheral and periorbital edema, weight gain, ascites, hepatomegaly, neck vein distention

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16
Q

treatment chf

A

Correct Cardiac Defect

Enhancing cardiac contractility
-Digoxin

Reduce afterload
-Lasix

Improve oxygen delivery

Enhance nutrition

17
Q

A nurse is assessing an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
(select all that apply.)

Bradycardia
Cool extremities
Peripheral edema
Increased urinary output
Nasal flaring
A

b
c
e

18
Q

assessment of heart disease in children

A

History
Physical assessment
General appearance
Pulse, blood pressure, & respirations

19
Q

nursing care of chd

A

decrease cardiac workload

  • provide rest periods
  • consolidate care
  • respond to crying
  • monitor tolerance to feedings
20
Q

nutritonal management

A

small frequent high calorie formulas

  • use a large holed nipple
  • monitor cardiac tolerance: tachycardia, tachkypnea, desaturation
21
Q

You caring for an infant with a congenital heart defect. The baby’s pulse is 158 and the respiratory rate is 74. What is the best position for the baby to be in?

A. Side-lying with a blanket roll at the back
B. Supine with the legs slightly elevated
C. Prone position with the head elevated
D. Upright in an infant seat

A

d

22
Q

where is ductus arteriolsis located

A

pulmonary artery

aorta

23
Q

CHF nursing care

A
  • know weight bc fluid retention
  • work of breathing
  • level of edema
  • diaphoretic
  • perfusion assessment
  • vital signs, hr, bp, caprefill, weight

pediatrics (19 decks)

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