health promotion of school aged children (6-12 years) Flashcards
expected growth and development
- Preadolescence is typically when prepubescence occurs.
- Rapid growth in height and weight occurs.
- Visible sexual maturation is minimal in boys during preadolescence.
- Permanent teeth erupt.
- Bladder capacity differs, but remains greater in girls than boys.
- Immune system improves.
- Bones continue to ossify.
cognitive development
piaget: concrete operations (operatonialize)
- Transitions from perceptual to conceptual thinking
- Masters the concept of conservation:
- Learns to tell time
- Classifies more complex information
- Able to see the perspective of others
- Able to solve problems (solve problems)
psychosocial devlopment
Erikson: industry vs. inferiority (school)
- A sense of industry is achieved through the development of skills and knowledge that allows the child to provide meaningful contributions to society.
- A sense of accomplishment is gained through the ability to cooperate and compete with others.
- Children should be challenged with tasks that need to be accomplished
- Creating systems that reward successful mastery of skills and tasks can create a sense of inferiority in children unable to complete the tasks or acquire the skills.
- Children should be taught that not everyone will master every skill.
moral development in early school age years
- Do not understand the reasoning behind rules and expectations for behavior.
- Believe what they think is wrong, and what others tell them is right.
- Judgment is guided by rewards and punishment.
- Sometimes interpret accidents as punishment.
moral development in later school age years
- Able to judge the intentions of an act rather than just its consequences.
- Understand different points of view instead of just whether or not an act is right or wrong.
- Conceptualizes treating others as they like to be treated.
- Develop an awareness of themselves in relation to others
- Confidence is gained through establishing a positive self-concept, which leads to feelings of worthiness and the ability to provide significant contributions.
- Parents continue to influence the school-age child’s self-ideals, but by middle childhood the opinions of peers and teachers become more valuable.
body image changes
- Solidification of body image occurs.
- Curiosity about sexuality should be addressed with education regarding sexual development and the reproductive process.
- School-age children are more modest than preschoolers and place more emphasis on privacy issues.
age appropriate acitivites 6-9 years
competitive and cooperative play
- Play simple board and number games.
- Play hopscotch.
- Jump rope.
- Collect rocks, stamps, cards, coins, or stuffed animals.
- Ride bicycles.
- Build simple models.
- Join organized sports (for skill building).
age appropriate activties 9-12
- Make crafts.
- Build models.
- Collect things/engage in hobbies.
- Solve jigsaw puzzles.
- Play board and card games.
- Join organized competitive sports.
screenings doen by school nurse
scoliosis
obesity
vision
hearing
scoliosis
School-age children should be screened for scoliosis by examining for a lateral curvature of the spine before and during growth spurts. Screening can take place at schools or at health care facilities.
obesity predisposes children for
low self-esteem, diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.
nutriton
should eat adult portion food
- Avoid using food as a reward.
- Emphasize physical activity.
- Avoid eating fast-food frequently.
- Avoid skipping meals.
- Model healthy behaviors.
sleep for 11 year old
Required sleep is highly variable in the school-age years, and is dependent on the following:
+Age
+Level of activity
+Health status
- Approximately 9 hr of sleep is needed each night at the age of 11 years.
Resistance to bedtime is sometimes experienced around the age of 8 and 9 years, and again around the age of - 11 years, but is typically resolved by the age of 12 years.
