neurosensory and musculoskeletal disorder: meningitis Flashcards
acute neurological disorders
meningitis
reye syndrome
meningitis
inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid (csF) and meninges.
reye syndrome
life-threatening disorder that involves acute encephalopathy and fatty changes of the liver.
viral meningitis care required?
usually requires
only supportive care for recovery.
bacterial meningitis contagious or not
contagious
viral meningits risk factors
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- adenovirus, mumps, herpes simplex virus
- arbovirus
bacterial meningitis risk factors
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal)
- Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Escherichia coli
meningits risk factors
- Incidence of bacterial meningitis has decreased in all age groups except infants under the age of 2 months since the introduction of the Hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
(PCV). - Injuries that provide direct access to CSF (skull fracture, penetrating head wound)
- Crowded living conditions
meningitis expected findings
- Photophobia
● Nausea
● Irritability
● Headache
meningitis newborn expected findings
- No illness is present at birth, but it
progresses within a few days. - Poor muscle tone, weak cry, poor suck,
refuses feeding, and vomiting or diarrhea. - Possible fever or hypothermia.
- Neck is supple without nuchal rigidity.
- Bulging fontanels are a late sign.
- rigid neck
meningitis expected findings 3m to 2 y
- Seizures with a high-pitched cry
- Fever and irritability
- Bulging fontanels
- Possible nuchal rigidity
- Poor feeding
- Vomiting
- Brudzinski’s (flexion of neck and extension of legs) and Kernig’s signs not reliable
for diagnosis
meningitis expected findings 2y through adolescence
Seizures (often initial sign) - Nuchal rigidity - Positive Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s sign - Fever and chills, Headache - Vomiting - Irritability and restlessness - Petechiae or purpuric-type rash - Involvement of joints (with meningococcal and Hib) Chronic draining ear
deliberate flexion
flexion of extremities occurring with deliberate flexion of the child’s neck
brudzinki sign
severe neck stiffness causes hips and knees to flex when neck is flexed upwards
kernig sign
unable to striaghten leg greater than 135 degrees without pain