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CJ CMS > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the sensory aspect of pain?

A

discriminative

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2
Q

what is the cognitive aspect of pain?

A

evaluative

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3
Q

what is the affective aspect of pain?

A

emotional

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4
Q

what can the relationship between input and experience be dependant on?

A 
genetics
demographics
previous damage and dysfunction
emotional context
pyschological state
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5
Q

What is the neuroplasticity theory of pain?

A

nervous system changes at the periphery, nerve axons, spinal chord and brain

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6
Q

what is nocioceptive pain?

A

physiologic response to painful stimuli via intact nervous system

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7
Q

what is neuropathic pain?

A

an innappropriate response caused by a dysfunction in the nervous system

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8
Q

What is acute pain?

A

usually obvious tissue damage
protective function
increased nervous activity
pain resolves on healing

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9
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

pain beyond period of healing
pain does not serve purpose
changes in pain signalling and detection
degrades health and function

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10
Q

what pharmacological approaches can be used for chronic pain management?

A 
non opiod analgesics
opiod analgesics
antidepressants
anticonvulsants
topical analgesics
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11
Q

Name non opiod analgesics

A

NSAIDS, paracetamol

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12
Q

name opiod analgesics

A

tramadol, codeine, morphine, oxycodone

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13
Q

name antideppressants re. chronic pain

A

amytryptyline, duloxetine

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14
Q

name anticonvulsants re. chronic pain

A

gabapentin, pregabalin

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15
Q

name topical analgesics

A

capsaicin, lidocaine plaster

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16
Q

what do NSAIDS act on?

A

nocioceptive pain

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17
Q

what are NSAIDS not indicated for?

A

neuropathic pain

18
Q

what do NSAIDS inhibit?

A

cyclooxygenase

19
Q

what decreases with the use of NSAIDS?

A

prostoglandin synthesis

20
Q

What are the side effects of the use of NSAIDS?

A

GI irritation
renal toxicity
potential drug interactions
cardiovascular side effects

21
Q

What effects does paracetamol have?

A

amalgesic and antipyretic

22
Q

does paracetamol have anti inflammatory action?

A

no

23
Q

what does paracetamol inhibit?

A

central prostaglandin synthesis

24
Q

what are side effects of paracetamol?

A

risk of toxic liver damage`

25
Q

What are opiod analgesics?

A

tramadol and codeine

26
Q

what are strong opiods?

A

morphine and oxycodone

27
Q

What are opiods effective in treating?

A

nocioceptive pain

less effective in chronic states

28
Q

are opiods effective re. neurophathic pain?

A

partially

29
Q

what are side effects of opiods?

A 
nausea
vomitting
constipation
dizziness
dry skin
30
Q

what are antidepressants effective in treating?

A

neuropathic pain

31
Q

what do antidepressants inhibit?

A

neuronal re uptake of noradrenaline and seratonin

32
Q

what are anticonvulsants?

A

carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregablin

33
Q

what are anticonvulsants effective for?

A

neuropathic pain

34
Q

what are side effects of anticonvulsants?

A 
sedation
dizziness
ataxia
peripheral odaema
nausea
weight gain
35
Q

what are used at topical anaesthetics?

A

rubefacients
NSAIDS
lidocaine medicated plaster

36
Q

what are rubefacients based on?

A

salicylate and capsaicin

37
Q

what do topical analgesics do?

A

reduce pain impulses transmitted by A delta fibres and c fibres

38
Q

what can be side effects of topical anaesthetics?

A

rash, pruritus, erythema

39
Q

what therapies may be used in drugs ineffective?

A

physiotherapy, peripheral stimulation and interventional therapy

40
Q

give examples of peripheral stimulation

A

TENS- transcutaneous electrical nerve sitmulation

acupuncture

41
Q

give examples of interventional therapy

A

nerve blocks
spinal stimulation
surgical pain management

CJ CMS (17 decks)

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