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CJ CMS > analgesic misuse > Flashcards

analgesic misuse Flashcards

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1
Q

Names some analgesics

A

aspirin
NSAIDS
paracetamol
opiates and opioids

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2
Q

Names some analgesics

A

aspirin
NSAIDS
paracetamol
opiates and opioids

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3
Q

where is paracetamol absorbed?

A

small intestine

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4
Q

what is the half life of paracetamol?

A

2 hours

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5
Q

what effects does paracetamol have?

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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6
Q

what are possible side effects of paracetamol?

A

rash
white cell disorders
hepatoxicity

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7
Q

what happens in the case of paracetamol overdose?

A

available gluthione is exhausted
n acetyl p bendoquinone imine accumulates
hepatocellular necrosis can occur

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8
Q

what can help to reduce hepatocellular damage?

A

N Acetyl cysteine- NAC, Parvolex- enables production of additional gluthione

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9
Q

what is the risk of NAC?

A

caries risk of severe allergic reaction

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10
Q

what occurs at phase 1 of paracetamol overdose?

A
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11
Q

what occurs at phase 2 of paracetamol overdose

A

24-48 hours
tachycardia
hypotension
upper abdominal pain

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12
Q

what occurs at phase 3 of paracetamol overdose?

A 
3-4 days
jaundice
bleeding
encaphelopathy
GI bleeding
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13
Q

what occurs at phase 4 of paracetamol overdose?

A

4-11 days

recovery, or death depending on severity of damage

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14
Q

what is the definition of a normal toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

> 10mg/ 24 hours or 150mg/kg

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15
Q

what is the definition of an at risk toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

7g/24 hours or 75mg/kg

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16
Q

what is a staggered overdose dosage shown to have?

A

greater morbidity than an intentional one time bollus

17
Q

What are additional risk factors to hepatoxicity?

A 
undernourished or underweight
rifampicin
anti virals
carbamazepine
phenytoin
chronic alcohol excess
viral hepatitis
18
Q

what are features of an aspirin overdose?

A 
increased respiratory rate
ringing in ears
paraesthesia
vomiting and nausea
drowsiness
19
Q

What are features of NSAIDS overdose?

A

enhances features of normal effects
anti platelet effects increase
metabolic effects increase- dizziness, tinnitus, paraesthesia
GI irritation

20
Q

What are features of opiate overdose?

A

pupils constricted
drowsiness
confusion/agitation
airway and respiratory depression

21
Q

where is paracetamol absorbed?

A

small intestine

22
Q

what is the half life of paracetamol?

A

2 hours

23
Q

what effects does paracetamol have?

A

analgesic and antipyretic

24
Q

what are possible side effects of paracetamol?

A

rash
white cell disorders
hepatoxicity

25
Q

what happens in the case of paracetamol overdose?

A

available gluthione is exhausted
n acetyl p bendoquinone imine accumulates
hepatocellular necrosis can occur

26
Q

what can help to reduce hepatocellular damage?

A

N Acetyl cysteine- NAC, Parvolex- enables production of additional gluthione

27
Q

what is the risk of NAC?

A

caries risk of severe allergic reaction

28
Q

what occurs at phase 1 of paracetamol overdose?

A
29
Q

what occurs at phase 2 of paracetamol overdose

A

24-48 hours
tachycardia
hypotension
upper abdominal pain

30
Q

what occurs at phase 3 of paracetamol overdose?

A 
3-4 days
jaundice
bleeding
encaphelopathy
GI bleeding
31
Q

what occurs at phase 4 of paracetamol overdose?

A

4-11 days

recovery, or death depending on severity of damage

32
Q

what is the definition of a normal toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

> 10mg/ 24 hours or 150mg/kg

33
Q

what is the definition of an at risk toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

7g/24 hours or 75mg/kg

34
Q

what is a staggered overdose dosage shown to have?

A

greater morbidity than an intentional one time bollus

35
Q

What are additional risk factors to hepatoxicity?

A 
undernourished or underweight
rifampicin
anti virals
carbamazepine
phenytoin
chronic alcohol excess
viral hepatitis
36
Q

what are features of an aspirin overdose?

A 
increased respiratory rate
ringing in ears
paraesthesia
vomiting and nausea
drowsiness
37
Q

What are features of NSAIDS overdose?

A

enhances features of normal effects
anti platelet effects increase
metabolic effects increase- dizziness, tinnitus, paraesthesia
GI irritation

38
Q

What are features of opiate overdose?

A

pupils constricted
drowsiness
confusion/agitation
airway and respiratory depression

CJ CMS (17 decks)

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