Liver disease

Question 1

what are the key points to remember with regards to liver disease?

Answer 1

impaired wound healing
impaired clotting
risk of blood born viruses

Question 2

what are the key points to remember with regards to liver disease?

Answer 2

impaired wound healing
impaired clotting
risk of blood born viruses

Question 3

what are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 3

protein metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
bile acid metabolism
billirubin metabolism
hormone and drug metabolism
immunilogical defense

Question 4

what is jaundice?

Answer 4

clinically apparent hyper billirubinaemia

Question 5

what is the normal range of billirububin?

Question 6

when is billirubin clinically detected?

Answer 6

> 40

Question 7

what are the main features of cirrhosis?

Answer 7

encephalopathy- abnormal brain function
spider navi- rash like
gyaenacomsatia- enlargement of a man's breasts
tremor
ascites- fluid causing abdominal swelling
testicular atrophy
jaundice
heptic coma

Question 8

what are clinical features of jaunice?

Answer 8

pale stools
dark urine
itch
lethargy and malaise
anorexia

Question 9

what are the causes of jaundice?

Answer 9

increased production of billirubin

Question 10

what are congenital causes of jaundice?

Answer 10

glberts
dubin johnson
rotor syndrome

Question 11

what can intra hepatic jaundice be caused by?

Answer 11

viral hepatitis
drugs
alcohol hepatitis
cirrhosis
pregnancy

Question 12

what can extra hepatic jaundice be caused by?

Answer 12

gall stones
carcinoma
pancreatitis
biliary structure
sclerosing cholangitis

Question 13

what liver function tests can be carried out?

Answer 13

ALT/AST
alkaline phodphatase ALP
GGT

Question 14

What true liver function tests can be carried out?

Answer 14

bilirubin
albumin
prothrombin time

Question 15

How is hepatitis A spread?

Answer 15

faecal- oral spread
poor hygiene and over crowding
food and water contamination

Question 16

what should be taken into consideration clinically re. hep A?

Answer 16

no carrier state- acute hepatitis

peak incidence in older children/young adults

Question 17

how could hep A be controlled?

Answer 17

hygiene
vaccine for pre exposure prophylaxis
food handlers

Question 18

How can Hep A be managed?

Answer 18

rest
low fat diet
avoidance of alcohol

Question 19

How is Hep B trasnmitted?

Answer 19

blood
sex
mother to child

Question 20

how can Hep B be controlled?

Answer 20

safe blood
safe sex
safe needle exchanges
vaccination of those at risk
PEP

Question 21

How is Hep C virus trasnmitted?

Answer 21

blood
sex
mother to child

Question 22

what does infection result in?

Answer 22

chronic infection in 80% of cases

Question 23

is there a vaccine for Hep C?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What drugs are used in the treatment of hepatitis?

Answer 24

paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir

Question 25

what are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 25

``` protein metabolism carbohydrate metabolism bile acid metabolism billirubin metabolism hormone and drug metabolism immunilogical defense ```

Question 26

what is jaundice?

Answer 26

clinically apparent hyper billirubinaemia

Question 27

what is the normal range of billirububin?

Question 28

when is billirubin clinically detected?

Answer 28

>40

Question 29

what are the main features of cirrhosis?

Answer 29

``` encephalopathy- abnormal brain function spider navi- rash like gyaenacomsatia- enlargement of a man's breasts tremor ascites- fluid causing abdominal swelling testicular atrophy jaundice heptic coma ```

Question 30

what are clinical features of jaunice?

Answer 30

``` pale stools dark urine itch lethargy and malaise anorexia ```

Question 31

what are the causes of jaundice?

Answer 31

increased production of billirubin

Question 32

what are congenital causes of jaundice?

Answer 32

glberts dubin johnson rotor syndrome

Question 33

what can intra hepatic jaundice be caused by?

Answer 33

``` viral hepatitis drugs alcohol hepatitis cirrhosis pregnancy ```

Question 34

what can extra hepatic jaundice be caused by?

Answer 34

``` gall stones carcinoma pancreatitis biliary structure sclerosing cholangitis ```

Question 35

what liver function tests can be carried out?

Answer 35

ALT/AST alkaline phodphatase ALP GGT

Question 36

What true liver function tests can be carried out?

Answer 36

bilirubin albumin prothrombin time

Question 37

How is hepatitis A spread?

Answer 37

faecal- oral spread poor hygiene and over crowding food and water contamination

Question 38

what should be taken into consideration clinically re. hep A?

Answer 38

no carrier state- acute hepatitis | peak incidence in older children/young adults

Question 39

how could hep A be controlled?

Answer 39

hygiene vaccine for pre exposure prophylaxis food handlers

Question 40

How can Hep A be managed?

Answer 40

rest low fat diet avoidance of alcohol

Question 41

How is Hep B trasnmitted?

Answer 41

blood sex mother to child

Question 42

how can Hep B be controlled?

Answer 42

``` safe blood safe sex safe needle exchanges vaccination of those at risk PEP ```

Question 43

How is Hep C virus trasnmitted?

Answer 43

blood sex mother to child

Question 44

what does infection result in?

Answer 44

chronic infection in 80% of cases

Question 45

is there a vaccine for Hep C?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

What drugs are used in the treatment of hepatitis?

Answer 46

paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir