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CJ CMS > Neurology 2 > Flashcards

Neurology 2 Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is focal neurology?

A

the effect of brain injury

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2
Q

neurology affecting the motor cortex?

A 
contralateral
weakness/ hemiplegia of limbs or face
increased tone/stiffness
increase reflexes
dysphagia- swallow
dysarthia- speech
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3
Q

neurology affecting the sensory cortex?

A

contralateral
loss of sensation
neglect
occasionally hyperaesthesia/ pain syndromes

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4
Q

neurology affecting speech area?

A

dominant hemisphere- usually left
brocas/ wernickes area
causes speech problems

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5
Q

neurology affecting higher level?

A

dominant hemisphere- usually left

frontal lobe- sequencing problems - dyspraxia

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6
Q

neurology affecting cerebellum?

A

loss of coordination
ataxia- intention tremor, cereballar gait
speech affected
dysarthia

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7
Q

neurology affecting basal ganglia?

A

control of movement
increase tone
slowness of action- bradykinesia
tremor

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8
Q

What is a stroke?

A

disorder of the vascular supply to the brain

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9
Q

what are strokes due to?

A

infarction
atherosclerosis
cardiac emboli re. atrial fibrillation
haemorrhage

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10
Q

What are the different types of infarction?

A

TIA- transient ischaemic attack

completed stroke- persisting neurological deficit

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11
Q

What is a haemorrhage stroke?

A

bleed
usually more severe than infarction
hypertension main risk factor

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of a stroke?

A 
hemiplegia
hemianopia
dysarthia/ dysphasia
cognitive impairment
dyspraxia
impaired consciousness
confusion
seizure
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13
Q

hwo is a stroke diagnosed?

A

CT scan

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14
Q

what surgical treatment may be required post stroke?

A

required within 2 weeks for infarcts/ TIAs

carotid endarterectomy

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15
Q

what treatment is required long term for stroke?

A

treatment re. infarction:
anti platelets, warfarin, and other anticoagulants
adress BP, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes

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16
Q

what tube may be used for patients re. swallowig problems- short term?

A

nasogastric tube

17
Q

what tube may be used for patients re. swallowing problems long term?

A

PEG

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostromy

18
Q

What is parkinsons disease?

A

degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the basal ganglia

19
Q

what are clinical features of parkinsons disease?

A 
bradykinesia- slowness of movement
rigidity- increased muscle tone
termor- low frequency
slow speech
mask like face
shuffling gait and falls
difficulty with fine motor tasks
swallowing problems
20
Q

what treatment can be used re. parkinsons?

A

dopaminergic drugs

direct replacement- Levadopa

21
Q

what surgical treatment can be used re. parkinsons?

A

stereotactic surgery

22
Q

What are features of a essential tremor?

A

hereditary
unilateral
worse with action
improves with alcohol

23
Q

what is the treatment re. essential tremor?

A

beta blockers

primodone

24
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

auto immune destruction of CNS
loss of myelin
more common in women
onset- 30 years old

25
Q

clinical feature of MS?

A

loss of vision in one eye
changes in sensation
ataxia
weakness

26
Q

what are the two forms of MS?

A

relapsing/ remitting

chronic/progressive

27
Q

What is the treatment of MS?

A

high dose steroids

28
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

loss of peripheral nerve function
loss of sensation
loss of power

29
Q

Name a type of peripheral neuropathy?

A

bells palsy

30
Q

what is bells palsy?

A

lower motor neurone palsy of facial nerve

viral

31
Q

what is the treatment for bells palsy?

A

oral steroids within 72 hours

eye care

32
Q

What is motor neurone disease?

A

destruction of motor neurones

more males than females

33
Q

what are clinical features of motor neurone disease?

A

swallowing problems

limb weakness

CJ CMS (17 decks)

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