P3 (physics) Flashcards
What are the properties of a solid?
Fixed shape
High density
Can’t be compressed
What are the properties of a liquid?
Takes the shape of the bottom of a container
Can’t be compressed
What are the properties of a gas?
floats
Can expand to fill any volume
Can be compressed
What is the arrangement like for solid particles?
Regular
Closely packed (all touching)
What is the arrangement like for liquid particle?
Random
Closely packed (all touching)
What is the arrangement like for gas particles?
Random
Very spaced out
What is the relative distance between solid particles?
Very close
What is the relative distance between liquid particles?
Close
What is the relative distance between gas particles?
Far apart
What is the main movement of solid particles?
Vibrate in fixed positions
What is the main movement of liquid particles?
Slide/move past each other
What is the main movement of gas particles?
in all directions
At different speeds
What are the forces between Solid particles?
Strong forces between the particles
What are the forces between liquid particles?
Weak forces between the particles
What are the forces between gas particles?
No forces
What do we mean by ‘particles’?
An atom or molecule
What is ‘density’?
The amount of mass per cm3 or per m3
What formula relates density, mass and volume?
Density = mass /volume
Define the term mass
The amount of matter in an object
Define the term volume
The amount of space an object takes up (cm3)
What is the symbol equation for density?
P= m/v
How is the density calculated for an irregular object?
Displacement method
Measure the mass on a scale
Find the volume by using the displacement method
Fill the water to the spout on a euraka can
Insert the object while placing a measuring cylinder under the spout
Water displaced=volume of object
Define the term internal energy
Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
Define potential energy of particles
the stored energy in an object due to its position , properties , and forces acting on it
What is the temperature a measurement of?
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
What is specific heat capacity?
It is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree
What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x Change in the temperature
Write the Symbol equation for specific heat capacity
E= m x c x delta t
What happens to the temperature when a particle changes state?
The temperature stays constant
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance in temperature
What is Ef ?
Specific latent heat of fusion (melt)
What is Ev ?
Specific latent heat of vaporisation (evaporation)
Write the equation for specific latent heat
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
Write the symbol equation for specific latent heat
E = m x l
What is the pressure caused by?
Collisions between particles and the walls of a container
How does pressure (particles) move?
They Move from a high concentration to a low concentration
How do you increase the frequency for gas pressure?
Increase the number of particles
Increase the kinetic energy of the particles
When will the pressure stop decreasing?
The pressure will stop decreasing when the pressure is the same as the pressure outside (to the rest of the surrounding)
What will happen to the pressure as the volume decreases?
The pressure will increase
What will happen to the volume as the pressure increases?
The volume will decrease
What is the relationship between the volume and pressure on a graph?
They are inversely proportional
What will happen to the amount of collisions as the volume that the gas is contained in decreases?
The number of times that the particle will collide with each other and the sides of the container will increase , when the volume of the gas decreases
Define “physical change”
A reversible change is where the substance change physical state. If reversed, the substance retains its original properties
Name the changing state:
Solid to liquid
Melting
Name the changing state:
Liquid to gas
Boiling/evaporating
Name the changing state:
Gas to liquid
Condensing
Name the changing state:
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Name the changing state:
Solid to gas
Subliming/sublimation
If 1 kg of ice melts, what mass of liquid water would there be?
1kg
Mass doesn’t change when changing state
Is changing state a physical or a chemical change? Why?
Physical change as the change can be easily reversed- no chemical bonds are made or broken
Which state of matter usually has the highest density?
Solid
Which state of matter usually has the lowest density?
Gas
Using the particle model, explain why gases have the lowest density?
Particles have large spaces between them So same amount of particles takes up a larger volume
What does “to do work on particles” mean?
To move them further apart against their intermolecular attractions
Which state of matter has the highest potential energy?
Gas (particles have overcome attractive forces and are far apart from each other)
Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?
Gas
Particles are moving faster
Define “specific latent heat of vaporisation”
The amount of energy required to boil( (liquid to gas) one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature
Define “ specific latent heat of fusion”
The amount of energy required to melt one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature
Give the units for mass?
Kg (Kilogram)
Give the unit for change in energy?
J (joules)
Give the units for specific heat capacity?
J/kg °C
Give the units for change in temperature?
°C
What is the unit for energy?
J (joules)
Give the units for specific latent heat?
J/kg
Why does temperature not change during a state change?
The energy is used to overcome bonds/forces (to do work)
Increase in potential energy
Not kinetic energy (temperature)
Why does a gas exert a pressure on a container?
The particles are moving randomly and different speeds
They collide with the walls of the container
Each collisions exert a force on the container
Pressure is the force per cm2 or m2
Describe the relationship between gas temperature and pressure at Constant volume
Increasing the temperature increase the pressure by the same factor (they are directly proportional to each other)
Explain why increasing the pressure of a gas increase the temperature
Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of a particle
So particles move faster
Collide with the walls more frequently
Collide with more force
So pressure increases
What is the coldest temperature?
Absolute zero (-273 Celsius)
What does PxV =
P x V = Constant
How do you calculate the density of a regular object?
Density = mass/volume
Measure the mass on a balance
Measure the length,base,width with a ruler to find the volume
What does P1 x V1 =
P1xV1=P2xV2
How do you find a volume of a cube or cuboid?
Volume = base x width x length
