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Science 3x > P3 (physics) > Flashcards

P3 (physics) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of a solid?

A

Fixed shape
High density
Can’t be compressed

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2
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A

Takes the shape of the bottom of a container
Can’t be compressed

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3
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A

floats
Can expand to fill any volume
Can be compressed

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4
Q

What is the arrangement like for solid particles?

A

Regular
Closely packed (all touching)

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5
Q

What is the arrangement like for liquid particle?

A

Random
Closely packed (all touching)

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6
Q

What is the arrangement like for gas particles?

A

Random
Very spaced out

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7
Q

What is the relative distance between solid particles?

A

Very close

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8
Q

What is the relative distance between liquid particles?

A

Close

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9
Q

What is the relative distance between gas particles?

A

Far apart

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10
Q

What is the main movement of solid particles?

A

Vibrate in fixed positions

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11
Q

What is the main movement of liquid particles?

A

Slide/move past each other

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12
Q

What is the main movement of gas particles?

A

in all directions
At different speeds

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13
Q

What are the forces between Solid particles?

A

Strong forces between the particles

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14
Q

What are the forces between liquid particles?

A

Weak forces between the particles

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15
Q

What are the forces between gas particles?

A

No forces

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16
Q

What do we mean by ‘particles’?

A

An atom or molecule

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17
Q

What is ‘density’?

A

The amount of mass per cm3 or per m3

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18
Q

What formula relates density, mass and volume?

A

Density = mass /volume

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19
Q

Define the term mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

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20
Q

Define the term volume

A

The amount of space an object takes up (cm3)

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21
Q

What is the symbol equation for density?

A

P= m/v

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22
Q

How is the density calculated for an irregular object?

A

Displacement method

Measure the mass on a scale

Find the volume by using the displacement method

Fill the water to the spout on a euraka can

Insert the object while placing a measuring cylinder under the spout

Water displaced=volume of object

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23
Q

Define the term internal energy

A

Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

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24
Q

Define potential energy of particles

A

the stored energy in an object due to its position , properties , and forces acting on it

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25
Q

What is the temperature a measurement of?

A

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

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26
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

It is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree

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27
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

A

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x Change in the temperature

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28
Q

Write the Symbol equation for specific heat capacity

A

E= m x c x delta t

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29
Q

What happens to the temperature when a particle changes state?

A

The temperature stays constant

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30
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance in temperature

31
Q

What is Ef ?

A

Specific latent heat of fusion (melt)

32
Q

What is Ev ?

A

Specific latent heat of vaporisation (evaporation)

33
Q

Write the equation for specific latent heat

A

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

34
Q

Write the symbol equation for specific latent heat

A

E = m x l

35
Q

What is the pressure caused by?

A

Collisions between particles and the walls of a container

36
Q

How does pressure (particles) move?

A

They Move from a high concentration to a low concentration

37
Q

How do you increase the frequency for gas pressure?

A

Increase the number of particles

Increase the kinetic energy of the particles

38
Q

When will the pressure stop decreasing?

A

The pressure will stop decreasing when the pressure is the same as the pressure outside (to the rest of the surrounding)

39
Q

What will happen to the pressure as the volume decreases?

A

The pressure will increase

40
Q

What will happen to the volume as the pressure increases?

A

The volume will decrease

41
Q

What is the relationship between the volume and pressure on a graph?

A

They are inversely proportional

42
Q

What will happen to the amount of collisions as the volume that the gas is contained in decreases?

A

The number of times that the particle will collide with each other and the sides of the container will increase , when the volume of the gas decreases

43
Q

Define “physical change”

A

A reversible change is where the substance change physical state. If reversed, the substance retains its original properties

44
Q

Name the changing state:
Solid to liquid

A

Melting

45
Q

Name the changing state:
Liquid to gas

A

Boiling/evaporating

46
Q

Name the changing state:
Gas to liquid

A

Condensing

47
Q

Name the changing state:
Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

48
Q

Name the changing state:
Solid to gas

A

Subliming/sublimation

49
Q

If 1 kg of ice melts, what mass of liquid water would there be?

A

1kg
Mass doesn’t change when changing state

50
Q

Is changing state a physical or a chemical change? Why?

A

Physical change as the change can be easily reversed- no chemical bonds are made or broken

51
Q

Which state of matter usually has the highest density?

A

Solid

52
Q

Which state of matter usually has the lowest density?

A

Gas

53
Q

Using the particle model, explain why gases have the lowest density?

A

Particles have large spaces between them So same amount of particles takes up a larger volume

54
Q

What does “to do work on particles” mean?

A

To move them further apart against their intermolecular attractions

55
Q

Which state of matter has the highest potential energy?

A

Gas (particles have overcome attractive forces and are far apart from each other)

56
Q

Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?

A

Gas
Particles are moving faster

57
Q

Define “specific latent heat of vaporisation”

A

The amount of energy required to boil( (liquid to gas) one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

58
Q

Define “ specific latent heat of fusion”

A

The amount of energy required to melt one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

59
Q

Give the units for mass?

A

Kg (Kilogram)

60
Q

Give the unit for change in energy?

A

J (joules)

61
Q

Give the units for specific heat capacity?

A

J/kg °C

62
Q

Give the units for change in temperature?

A

°C

63
Q

What is the unit for energy?

A

J (joules)

64
Q

Give the units for specific latent heat?

A

J/kg

65
Q

Why does temperature not change during a state change?

A

The energy is used to overcome bonds/forces (to do work)

Increase in potential energy

Not kinetic energy (temperature)

66
Q

Why does a gas exert a pressure on a container?

A

The particles are moving randomly and different speeds

They collide with the walls of the container

Each collisions exert a force on the container

Pressure is the force per cm2 or m2

67
Q

Describe the relationship between gas temperature and pressure at Constant volume

A

Increasing the temperature increase the pressure by the same factor (they are directly proportional to each other)

68
Q

Explain why increasing the pressure of a gas increase the temperature

A

Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of a particle

So particles move faster

Collide with the walls more frequently

Collide with more force

So pressure increases

69
Q

What is the coldest temperature?

A

Absolute zero (-273 Celsius)

70
Q

What does PxV =

A

P x V = Constant

71
Q

How do you calculate the density of a regular object?

A

Density = mass/volume
Measure the mass on a balance
Measure the length,base,width with a ruler to find the volume

72
Q

What does P1 x V1 =

A

P1xV1=P2xV2

73
Q

How do you find a volume of a cube or cuboid?

A

Volume = base x width x length

Science 3x (12 decks)

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