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Science 3x > C4 (chemistry) > Flashcards

C4 (chemistry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alloy? Give two examples

A

mixture of two or more different element e.g steel and bronze

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2
Q

State the structures on a metal

A

Regular layers
Lattice structure
Soft and malleable

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3
Q

State the structure of an alloy

A

Particles are different sizes
Irregular structure
Hard

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4
Q

What do all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What does acidic solutions produce?

A

H+ ions

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6
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

Dissolve in water

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7
Q

What do alkaline solutions release?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH)

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8
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Chemical that change colours to tell you whether a colourless solution is acidic or basic

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9
Q

What is a PH Probe?

A

Devices used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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10
Q

What doe pH stand for?

A

Potential hydrogen

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11
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution

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12
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Completely ionised in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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13
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Partially ionised in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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14
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction between an acid and alkaline to form a neutral solution (pH7)

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15
Q

What is titration?

A

A very accurate experimental technique, used to find unknown concentration of a solution

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16
Q

Define concordant?

A

Results are very close to each other (within o.1 cm3 of each other)

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17
Q

What colour flame does potassium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Lilac

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18
Q

What colour flame does sodium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Orange

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19
Q

What colour flame does lithium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Red

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20
Q

What is oxidation?

A

A substance that gains oxygen

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21
Q

What is reduction?

A

A substance that looses oxygen

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22
Q

State three observations when a metal and an acid is reacted together?

A

Metal dissolves
Gas is produced so there is fizzing
Temperature change

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23
Q

How could you test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint to make a squeaky pop sound

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24
Q

State three observations when metal and water is reacted together?

A

Metal will dissolve
Temperature increase
Fizzing because gas (hydrogen) is made

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25
Q

When does displacement take place?

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal in a compound

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26
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock containing a metal compound from which a metal can be extracted for profit and found in the earth’s crust

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27
Q

How is ore extracted?

A

Ore is mined and then processed to separate the metal compound

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28
Q

What is redox?

A

When reduction and oxidation happens at the same time

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29
Q

What does the charges on elements symbolise?

A

It’s oxidation states

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30
Q

If a base is soluble, what do we refer it as?

A

an alkali

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31
Q

If a base cant dissolve, what do we refer it as?

A

insoluble base

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32
Q

What does metal and water react together make? *write the equation

A

metal + water ➡️ metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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33
Q

What does an acid and an alkaline make when it reacts together? *write the equation

A

Acid+alkaline➡️ salt+water

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34
Q

What does an acid and a metal carbonate make when reacted together? *write the equation

A

Acid + metal carbonate ➡️ salt + water + carbon dioxide

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35
Q

What are the products when metal and oxygen are reacted together? *write the equation

A

Metal + oxygen ➡️ metal oxide

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36
Q

What are the products made when metal and acid are reacted together? *write the equation

A

Metal + acid ➡️ salt + hydrogen

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37
Q

Name the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

38
Q

What is the acronym for the reactivity serious from most reactive to least reactive?

A

Please
Send
Lions
Cats
Monkeys
And
Cute
Zebras
Into
The
Lovely
Hot
Countryside
Signed
General
Penguin

39
Q

What does OIL RIG stand for?

A

Oxidation
Is
Loss of electrons

Reduction
Is
Gain of electron

40
Q

What are the reactants if the products are metal hydroxide and hydrogen

A

Metal and water

41
Q

What are the reactants if the products are salt and water? *2 equations

A

Acid and alkaline
Or
Acid and base

42
Q

What are the reactants if the products are salt and water and carbon dioxide

A

Acid and metal carbonate

43
Q

What is reacted together if the product is metal oxide?

A

Metal and oxygen

44
Q

What is reacted together to make salt and hydrogen?

A

Metal and acid

45
Q

Sodium and water is reacted together , what are the products formed? *write the equation

A

Sodium + water ➡️ sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

46
Q

What will the salt end in ,if hydrochloric acid is used?

A

Chloride

47
Q

What will the salt end in , if nitric acid is used?

A

Nitrate

48
Q

What will the salt end in , if sulphuric acid is used?

A

Sulphate

49
Q

State the observations when potassium reacts with an acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

50
Q

State the observations when sodium reacts with and acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

51
Q

State the observations when lithium reacts with an acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

52
Q

State the observations when calcium reacts with an acid

A

Fizzes
Warm

53
Q

State the observations when magnesium reacts with an acid

A

Fizzes
Warm

54
Q

State the observation when zinc reacts with an acid

A

Fizzes slowly

55
Q

State the observation when iron reacts with an acid

A

Fizzes slowly

56
Q

State the observation when copper reacts with an acid

A

No reaction

57
Q

State the observations when potassium reacts with water

A

Fizzes
potassium Melts/disolves
Floats and moves on the surface of the water
Lilac flame

58
Q

State the observations when sodium reacts with water

A

Fizzes
Melts
Floats and moves around on the surface of the water
(Sometimes there is a yellow, orange flame)

59
Q

State the observations when lithium reacts with water

A

Fizzes
Floats and moves on the surface of the water

60
Q

State the observations when calcium reacts with water

A

Fizzes
White solid forms
(Exothermic reaction)

61
Q

State the observation when magnesium reacts with water

A

Very slow reaction

62
Q

State the observation when zinc reacts with water

A

No reaction

63
Q

State the observation when iron reacts with water

A

No reaction

64
Q

State the observation when copper reacts with water

A

No reaction

65
Q

Give the pH range of an acid

A

pH 0-6

66
Q

Give the pH range of a base

A

ph 8-14

67
Q

Give the pH range of a neutral solution

A

pH 7

68
Q

What is the difference between a concentrated and a dilute acid ?

A

A concentrated acid has a large amount of H+ ions in a volume of water whereas a dilute acid has a small amount of H+ ions in a given volume of water

69
Q

When reacting copper oxide with sulphuric acid, copper oxide is added in excess. What is meant by ‘in excess’ ?

A

A greater amount is added than what is necessary to completely react with the acid

70
Q

Describe the structure of diamond

A

Giant covalent lattice
Tetrahedral structure/each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms

71
Q

Give 6 properties of transition metals that are different from the properties of Alkali metals

A

Hard
High density
High melting and boiling points
Low reactivity / un reactive
Form different charged ions
Form coloured compounds

72
Q

Describe the trend in reactivity down group 7

A

Elements get less reactive as you go down group 7

73
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A compound of metal found naturally in rocks/ earth’s crust which enough metal can be extracted to make a profit

74
Q

List the metals in the reactivity series that can be extracted from their compounds by heating with carbon

A

Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper

75
Q

What chemical process do metal oxides undergo when being extracted using carbon, to get the pure metal ?

A

Reduction

76
Q

What process is used to extract metals that are above carbon in the reactivity series?

A

Electrolysis

77
Q

Name three metals which are found in their natural form in the earth’s crust

A

Silver
Gold
Platinum

78
Q

Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a metal oxide and a dilute acid

A

Use magnesium oxide and sulphuric acid

Measure and Add the sulphuric acid to a beaker

Warm up the sulphuric acid

Add the magnesium oxide

Stir the mixture

Continue adding until magnesium oxide is in excess

Use the filtration technique with filter paper and funnel, to remove excess magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide is residue

Sulphuric acid is the filtrate

Pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin and heat up the solution to do crystallisation

Leave the basin to cool down on the window

Pat dry with filter paper

79
Q

How do metals get a full outer shell?

A

Loose electrons

80
Q

How do non-metals get a full outer shell?

A

Gain electrons

81
Q

What does PANIC stand for?

A

Positive
Anode
Negative
Is
Cathode

82
Q

What are positive ions called?

A

Cation

83
Q

What are negative ions called?

A

Anion

84
Q

Which electrode will the positive ion go?

A

Negative electrode (cathode)

85
Q

Which electrode will the negative ion go?

A

Positive electrode (anode)

86
Q

What does ‘ →’ mean in a reaction?

A

Fully ionised

87
Q

What does ‘⇌’ mean in a reaction?

A

Partially ionised

88
Q

List the metals in the reactivity series that can be extracted from their compounds by heating with carbon

A

Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper

89
Q

Which metals are extracted using electrolysis

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium

90
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements

91
Q

Which elements always wins?

A

Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
Tin
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold

Science 3x (12 decks)

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