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Science 3x > P2 (physics)(book) > Flashcards

P2 (physics)(book) Flashcards

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1
Q

What do opposites charges do ?

A

Opposite charges attract

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2
Q

What do like charges do ?

A

Like charges repel

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3
Q

How can static electricity be produced?

A

Can be produced by rubbing two insulators together

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4
Q

What is static electricity the build up of & why is it called static?

A

It is the build up of charge
It is called static because the charge cant move

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5
Q

What can conductors do?

A

They can conduct electricity

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6
Q

What cant insulators do?

A

They cannot conduct electricity

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7
Q

What are needed in order for current to flow?

A

Power source
Conducting material
Closed circuit

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8
Q

What is electric current?

A

The rate of flow of charge

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9
Q

What is current ?

A

It is how much of something in one second
the rate at which electrons flow past a point in a complete electrical circuit

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10
Q

What is charge measured in?

A

Coulomb

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11
Q

Define amps

A

Amps= coulombs per second
1A = 1 coulomb ÷ second

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12
Q

State the equation for charge

A

Charge = current x time
Q = I x t

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13
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts

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14
Q

What is an ammeter measured in?

A

Amps

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15
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohms , Ω

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16
Q

Write the equation to calculate the voltage?

A

V = I x R

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17
Q

What is current directly proportional to?

A

The voltage

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18
Q

If v doubles what happens to I ?

A

I doubles

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19
Q

If V halves what happens to I ?

A

I halves

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20
Q

In a parallel circuit what does the current do between branches?

A

The current is spilt between branches

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21
Q

What is the voltage like across each branch in a parallel circuit?

A

The voltage is the same across each branch

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22
Q

What is the I like in a series circuit?

A

I is the same everywhere in the circuit

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23
Q

What is the v like in a series circuit?

A

V of the cell / battery is shared between components

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24
Q

What is resistance caused by?

A

Resistance is caused by collisions between flowing electrons and positive metal ions (fixed , vibrating in place)

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25
Q

What happens to the current, if the resistance of a circuit increases?

A

Current decreases

26
Q

What is ohms law?

A

A line goes through proportionally through the origin
Current (I) is directly proportional to v (voltage) as long as the temperature is constant

27
Q

A positive ballon is rubbed on a negative jumper and becomes charged. Explain how this happens?

A

Electrons are transferred through friction

28
Q

Describe and explain how increasing the length of a Wire affects its resistance

A

The longer the wire the longer the resistance
Resistance is caused by collisions between flowing electrons and positive metal ions
In a longer wire these collisions are more frequent

29
Q

What does the filament bulb not obey?

A

Ohm’s law

30
Q

As the potential difference increase what happens to the current in a filament bulb?

A

Current also increases

31
Q

Higher voltage means higher what in a filament bulb

A

Higher resistance

32
Q

What happens to the filament as more current flows & why is that?

A

The filament bulb gets hotter
Metal ions gain energy and vibrate faster causing more frequent collisions

33
Q

Why is a variable resistor used?

A

To get a range of value for the voltage

34
Q

Current flows from what to what?

A

Current flows from positive to negative

35
Q

What does the component diode do?

A

It allows the current to flow in one direction

36
Q

Define alternating current

A

The current changes direction continuously

37
Q

What is the voltage of main electricity?

A

230V

38
Q

What is the frequency of main electricity?

A

50Hz

39
Q

What does the fuse prevent?

A

It prevents too much current going through it so it doesn’t overheat
When it does a wire inside the fuse melts so no current and flow

40
Q

What is the function of an earth wire?

A

To carry charge away from a live casing
For safety: to avoid an electrical shock from a metal casing becoming charged

41
Q

What is voltage?

A

Potential difference is how much joules are added to each coulomb of charge

42
Q

State the equation for electrical work done

A

E = Q x V
Electrical work done = charge x potential difference
(J) = (c) x (v)
E=P x t

43
Q

Define power

A

Rate of energy transfer

44
Q

Define national grid

A

System of transformers and cables

45
Q

What happens at the step up transformer?

A

Increases the voltage
Lowers the current
So the wire doesn’t overheat
So less energy is dissipated

46
Q

What happens at the step down transformer?

A

Lower the voltage
Increase current

47
Q

What does ∝ mean?

A

Directly proportional

48
Q

What does AC stand for?

A

Alternating current

49
Q

What particle carries the charge in an electric circuit?

A

The electron

50
Q

How do you connect an ammeter to a circuit, in parallel or in series ?

A

In series

51
Q

How do you connect a voltmeter to a circuit, in parallel or in series?

A

In parallel

52
Q

What does a voltmeter measure?

A

A potential difference or voltage

53
Q

Name the 2 non-ohmic components?

A

Filament bulb
Diode

54
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR as the light intensity increases?

A

It decreases

55
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as the temperature increases?

A

It decreases

56
Q

What colour is the live wire on a 3-pin UK plug?

A

Brown

57
Q

What colour is the neutral wire in 3-pin uk plug?

A

Blue

58
Q

What colour is the earth wire in 3 pin uk plug?

A

Striped yellow ans green

59
Q

What is the voltage in the neutral wire?

A

0V

60
Q

Equation for current

A

I = Q/t

61
Q

State 3 equations for power

A

P = V x I
P = I^2 x R
P = E/t

Science 3x (12 decks)

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