B4 (biology) (book) Flashcards
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
How is water entered into the plant? (By what process)
From its roots , root hair cells by osmosis
How does water get transported in a plant?
Water goes up a stem
Xylem through transpiration
Where does carbon dioxide enter and leave the cell?
diffuses Through the stomata
Which cell opens and closes the stomata?
Guard cells
What is the acronym for the uses of glucose?
C
R
O
P
S
What does CROPS stand for?
Cellulose - cell wall
Respiration
Oils + fats -nitrogen
Protein synthesis -(amino acid)
Starch
What is limiting factor in photosynthesis?
A limiting factor is a condition, that when in shortage, slows down the rate of a reaction.
What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?
Light intensity
CO2 concentration
Chlorophyll
Temperature
What is the independent variable for investigating a factor on the rate of photosynthesis?
Factor
light intensity
What is the dependent variable for investigating a factor on the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis
How do you find out the rate of photosynthesis?
Count the bubbles in a given amount of time
Collect the oxygen produced in a gas syringe in a given time
What are the control variables for investigating the rate of photosynthesis?
Keep the amount of time the same
Keep the other factors the same (same temperature , use LED lamp, it emits of less heat energy)
Species of plant
Mass of plant
How do you change the light intensity?
Change the distance of the lamp
What are organelles?
Part of a cell
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose+oxygen →carbon dioxide+water
What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen
Where does respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the point of respiration?
To release energy
What is energy needed for?
Muscle contraction /movements
Growth
Keep warm
Active transport
Translocation
What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O (energy, ATP)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose →lactic acid (some energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi/fermentation?
Glucose → ethanol+carbon dioxide
What is the balanced symbol equation for fermentation?
C6H12O6 →2C2H5OH+2CO2
Why cant anaerobic respiration take place for a long period of time?
Lactic acid is toxic and can create pain and cramps in the muscle
What does the body do to get rid of the lactic acid in the muscle?
Transfer the lactic acid into the liver and with oxygen it breaks down the lactic acid
When does respiration take place?
All the time
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
When there is a lack of oxygen in the cells
How much energy is released during anaerobic respiration?
Little energy but it happens more quickly than aerobic respiration
What are the changes to the body when exercising?
Heart rate increases (increase of blood flow,increase of oxygen+glucose,increase of respiration+energy released)
Increase of rate of reaction
Increase of breathe volume
Sweat
Temperature increase
Vasodilation
What is Vasodilation?
Vasodilation is the widening of your blood vessels.
Why is heart rate still high after exercising?
After exercising heart rate is still high because we need to repay the oxygen debt and for the lactic acid in the muscle to transfer the lactic acid to the liver and with oxygen to break the lactic acid
What are protein made out of?
Amino acid
What is protein synthesis?
The making of protein
What is the role of an enzyme?
Biological catalysts
(To speed up the reactions)
Define ‘metabolism”
The sum of all the chemical reactions that happen in an organism to change food into energy
What is your metabolism regulated by?
Thyroid gland
what does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
When does photosynthesis take place?
During the daylight hours
