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1
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

A

panic disorder

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2
Q

the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.

A

parallel processing

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3
Q

the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.

A

parapsychology

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4
Q

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving its energy

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

-the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex.

A

parietal lobes

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6
Q

reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement,

A

partial reinforcement

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7
Q

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

A

passionate love

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8
Q

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

A

percepton

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9
Q

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

A

perceptual adaptation

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10
Q

perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.

A

perceptual constancy

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11
Q

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

perceptual set

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12
Q

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CN S) to the rest of the body.

A

peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

A

personal control

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14
Q

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

A

personality disorders

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15
Q

a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

A

personality inventory

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16
Q

scan a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

A

PET

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17
Q

an Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession.

A

phi phenomenon

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18
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

A

phobia

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19
Q

in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.

A

phoneme

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20
Q

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

A

physical dependence

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21
Q

a tone’s highness or lowness; depends on frequency

A

pitch

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22
Q

the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

A

pituitary gland

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23
Q

in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

A

place theory

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24
Q

an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent.

A

placebo

25
Q

the brain’s capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development

A

plasticity

26
Q

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing changes).

A

polygraph

27
Q

all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study

A

population

28
Q

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote conditions that enable individuals and communities to thrive

A

positive psychology

29
Q

amnesia supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist’s suggestion.

A

posthypnotic

30
Q

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

posthypnotic suggestion

31
Q

information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness.

A

preconcious

32
Q

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

A

predictive validity

33
Q

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

A

prejudice

34
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

A

preoperational stage

35
Q

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

A

primary reinforcer

36
Q

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

A

primary sex characteristics

37
Q

the activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory

A

priming

38
Q

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

A

proactive interference

39
Q

defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

A

projection

40
Q

a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

A

projective test

41
Q

positive, constructive, helpfu1 behavior The opposite of antisocial behavior

A

prosocial behavior

42
Q

a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).

A

prototype

43
Q

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

psychiatry

44
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

psychoactive drug

45
Q

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

A

psychoanalysis

46
Q

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self insight.

A

psychoanalysis

47
Q

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

A

psychological dependence

48
Q

a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

A

psychological disorder

49
Q

the science of behavior and mental processes

A

psychology

50
Q

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

A

psychopharmocology

51
Q

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

A

psychophysics

52
Q

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. Note: This is distinct from hypochondriasis-misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

A

psychophysiological illness

53
Q

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

A

psychosexual stages

54
Q

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

A

psychosurgery

55
Q

an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

A

psychotherapy

56
Q

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

A

psychotic disorder

57
Q

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

A

punishment

58
Q

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

A

pupil

Ap Psychology (16 decks)

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