B

Question 1

beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.

Answer 1

babbling stage

Question 2

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

Answer 2

barbituates

Question 3

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Answer 3

basal metabolic rate

Question 4

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Answer 4

basic research

Question 5

according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Answer 5

basic trust

Question 6

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Answer 6

behavior genetics

Question 7

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Answer 7

behavior therapy

Question 8

an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease.

Answer 8

behavioral medicine

Question 9

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Answer 9

behaviorism

Question 10

the tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid.

Answer 10

belief bias

Question 11

clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Answer 11

belief perseverance

Question 12

depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes.

Answer 12

binocular cues

Question 13

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension.

Answer 13

biofeedback

Question 14

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

Answer 14

biological psychology

Question 15

periodic physiological fluctuations.

Answer 15

biological rhythyms

Question 16

a contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders.

Answer 16

bio-social-medical perspective

Question 17

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Answer 17

bipolar disorder

Question 18

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are located there.

Answer 18

blindspot

Question 19

analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information.

Answer 19

bottom-up-processing

Question 20

the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions.

Answer 20

brainstem

Question 21

an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.

Answer 21

Broca’s area

Question 22

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
burnout physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion brought on by persistent job related stress

Answer 22

bulimia nervosa

Question 23

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Answer 23

bystander effect