F

Question 1

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score

Answer 1

factor analysis

Question 2

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

Answer 2

False consensus effect

Question 3

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.

Answer 3

family therpy

Question 4

someone who imagines and recalls experiences with lifelike vividness and who spends considerable time fantasizing.

Answer 4

fantasy-prone personality

Question 5

a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina.

Answer 5

farsightedness

Question 6

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

Answer 6

feature detectors

Question 7

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Answer 7

feel good, do good phenomenon

Question 8

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.

Answer 8

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 9

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Answer 9

fetus

Question 10

the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

Answer 10

figure-ground

Question 11

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved.

Answer 11

fixation

Question 12

the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving.

Answer 12

fixation

Question 13

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.

Answer 13

fixed interval schedule

Question 14

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Answer 14

fixed ration schedule

Question 15

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 15

flashbulb memory

Question 16

one’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Answer 16

fluid intelligence

Question 17

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Answer 17

foot-in-the-door phenonmenon

Question 18

in Piaget’s theory the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12 during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Answer 18

formal operational stage

Question 19

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster

Answer 19

fovea

Question 20

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significant~ affect decisions and judgments

Answer 20

framing

Question 21

twins who develop from separate eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment

Answer 21

fraternal twins

Question 22

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Answer 22

free association

Question 23

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for exampIe, per second).

Answer 23

frequency

Question 24

in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.

Answer 24

frequency theory

Question 25

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments.

Answer 25

frontal lobes

Question 26

the principle that frustration–the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Answer 26

frustration-aggression principle

Question 27

the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.

Answer 27

functional fixedness

Question 28

he tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Answer 28

fundamental attribution error