I Flashcards
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory tasting no more than a few tenths of a second
iconic memory
contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
id
twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
identical twins
the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos
identification
one’s sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
identity
the perception of a relationship where none exists
illusory correlation
retention without conscious recollection (of skills and dispositions)
implicit memory
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
imprinting
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
incentive
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
independent varible
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
individualism
expert systems and efforts to model human thinking inspired by our current understanding of how the brain works
industrial robots
a sub field of psychology that studies and advises on workplace behavior Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists help organizations select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, and design products and assess responses to them.
industrial/organizational psychology
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.
informational social influence
people with whom one shares a common identity
ingroup
the tendency to favor one’s own group
ingroup bias
the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
inner ear
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
insight
recurring problems in fatling or staying asleep
insomnia
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
instinct
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
intelligence
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ (ma/ca)
intelligence quotient
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
intelligence test
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave’s amplitude.
intensity
the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity
interaction
the perception that one controls one’s own fate
internal locus of control
central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
interneurons
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.
interpretation
in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
intimacy
a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective
intrinsic motivation
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
iris
