M

Question 1

a mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Answer 1

major depressive disorder

Question 2

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 2

manic episode

Question 3

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content).

Answer 3

manifest content

Question 4

-biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Answer 4

maturation

Question 5

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.

Answer 5

mean

Question 6

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it.

Answer 6

median

Question 7

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Answer 7

medical model

Question 8

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing.

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

self replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person

Answer 9

memes

Question 10

the first menstrual period

Answer 10

menarche

Question 11

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

Answer 11

menopause

Question 12

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as welt as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Answer 12

metal age

Question 13

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.

Answer 13

mental retardation

Question 14

a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem.

Answer 14

mental set

Question 15

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Answer 15

mere exposure effect

Question 16

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Answer 16

meta analysis

Question 17

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window.

Answer 17

middle ear

Question 18

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

Answer 18

MMPI

Question 19

incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event

Answer 19

misinformation effect

Question 20

memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Answer 20

mnemonics

Question 21

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Answer 21

modeling

Question 22

the most frequently occurring score in a distribution

Answer 22

mode

Question 23

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Answer 23

molecular genetics

Question 24

he presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

Answer 24

monism

Question 25

distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone.

Answer 25

monocular cues

Question 26

psychological disorders~ characterized by emotional extremes See major depressive disorder; manic episode, and bipolar disorder

Answer 26

mood disorders

Question 27

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.

Answer 27

mood-congruent memory

Question 28

in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word

Answer 28

morpheme

Question 29

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 29

motivation

Question 30

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

Answer 30

motor cortex

Question 31

the neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.

Answer 31

motor neurons

Question 32

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain.

Answer 32

MRI

Question 33

random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity.

Answer 33

mutations

Question 34

a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

Answer 34

myelin sheath