Overview of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

It is the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

A

The Nervous System

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2
Q

Two major parts

A

Peripheral and Central nervous system

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2
Q

serves as the control center of the body.

A

Brain

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3
Q

It is composed of the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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4
Q

It is composed of neurons outside the central nervous system.

They communicate through electrochemical signals or nerve impulses.

A

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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5
Q

serves as the passageway for nerve impulses.

A

Spinal Chord

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6
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) communicate through?

A

electrochemical signals or nerve impulses.

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7
Q

These are the nervous system’s most basic cell units, also called nerve cells.

A

Neurons

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8
Q

They transmit signals in the form of electrical impulses or chemical signals.

A

Neurons

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9
Q

Parts of A Neuron

A

Parts of A Neuron

Dendrites
Axon
Soma
Terminal button
Synapse

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10
Q

are the long transmitting parts that conduct electrical impulses away from the nerve cell’s body

A

Axons

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11
Q

are the short, tree-like extensions of nerve cells, along which electrical impulses are received from other cells.

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

contains the cell’s nucleus and is responsible for regulating the actions of a neuron.

A

Soma or cell body

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13
Q

Neurons may be classified according to their functions and structure.

A

Functional Classification

Structural Classification

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14
Q

In the Functional Classification of Neurons, Neurons may be classified based on how they carry impulses such as:

A

Sensory Neurons
Motor Neurons
Interneurons

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15
Q

These carry impulses from the body to the CNS and relay signals back to the spinal cord or the brain.

These are also known as afferent neurons.

A

Sensory Neuron

16
Q

These carry impulses and signals back to the body from the central nervous system.

They also known as efferent neurons.

A

Motor Neurons

17
Q

These serve as connection points in between sensory and motor neurons.

are also known as association neurons.

A

Interneurons

18
Q

What are Sensory neurons also known as?

A

Afferent Neurons

19
Q

What are motor neurons also known as?

A

Efferent neurons

20
Q

What are Interneurons known as?

A

association neurons.

21
Q

Neurons may also be classified based on structure, or what parts they contain

A

Structural Classification of Neurons

22
Q

Types of neurons based on structure

A

Multipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
Unipolar Neuron

23
Q

This contains one axon but multiple dendrites.

It is capable of integrating large amounts of information because of multiple dendrites

A

Multipolar neuron

24
This has two distinct nerve processes, usually in the form of one axon and one dendrite. This is commonly seen associated with sensory organs.
Bipolar dendrite
25
This has one distinct nerve cell body. This is commonly seen associated with ganglia.
Unipolar neuron
26
These are named for their stellar shape and also known as astroglia. These are for structural support for the brain, tissue repair, modulation, and metabolic regulators. are the most abundant neuroglial cells in the CNS.
Astrocytes
26
Neuroglial Cells in the Central Nervous System
Astrocytes Microglial Cell Ependymal cell Oligodendrocyte
26
These act as the defenders of the CNS against infections. These are macrophages and serve the function of destroying pathogens
Microglial cells
27
These produce cerebrospinal fluid, which is a fluid that acts as a cushioning agent for the CNS.
Ependymal Cell
27
These are also known as oligodendroglia. They produce the myelin that makes up the myelin sheaths of the cells of the CNS.
Oligodendrites
28
are found as **coatings** of the **nerve cells of the PNS.**
Satellite cells
29
are the** PNS equivalent of oligodendrocytes** that **produce myelin for the nerve cells.**
Schwann cells
30
Concentric wrapping of Schwann cells around the axon forms the
Myelin Sheath
31
is used for insulating the electrical signals for a more efficient transmission.
Myelin Sheath