ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards
consists of glands that are capable of producing and secreting hormones
The endocrine system
are ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine glands
a chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.
hormone
9 Main endocrine glands
-pineal gland
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-thymus
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-ovaries
-testes
It is a pea-sized mass of tissue located in the epithalamus at the center of the brain, which is in between the brain hemispheres.
Pineal Gland
Releases Melatonin
Pineal Gland
the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and controls reproductive cycles and beginning of puberty
Melatonin
This is the control center in maintaining homeostasis
It is important in regulating satiety and body temperature
It also works with the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
What hormone does the pineal gland release
Melatonin
is the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin
What hormones does the hypothalamus release?
Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin
stimulates the release of hormones connected to puberty, sexual maturation, and reproductive function.
Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth hormone.
Somatostatin
This is located at the base of the brain directly beneath the hypothalamus.
It regulates many functions of the endocrine glands.
Pituitary Gland
It works with the hypothalamus to command other endocrine glands when to release hormones.
Pituitary Gland
Two parts of the Pituitary gland
Anterior lobe, posterior lobe
Hormones of the Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Growth hormone , Thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormones of the anterior lobe
is for bone and tissue growth.
Growth hormone
Hormones of the anterior lobe is for stimulating the thyroid gland.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone,
Hormones of the anterior lobe is that stimulates the adrenal gland.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hormones of the anterior lobe that regulates milk production
Prolactin
Hormones of the anterior lobe that control sexual functions
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), Oxytocin
controls water loss.
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
Oxytocin
This is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the lower front part of the neck. It produces the hormone thyroxine.
Thyroid Gland
What hormone does the thyroid gland produce
thyroxine
is a hormone used to regulate metabolism.
It plays a crucial role in digestion, muscle control, and bone development.
Thyroxin
These are two pairs of tiny glands incorporated on the surface of the thyroid gland.
They release parathyroid hormone to regulate the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism.
Parathyroid
regulates the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism
parathyroid hormone
This is a small gland with two lobes located in the upper anterior of chest.
It decreases in size as a person ages.
Thymus
This the only organ for immunity that does not directly attack antigens
It is a site for the maturation of T-cells
Thymus
are a major type of lymphocytes capable of producing an immune response
T-Cells
These are two triangular-shaped glands found above the kidneys
Adrenal Glands
Two parts of the Adrenal Gland
adrenal cortex (outer)
adrenal medulla (inner)
produces corticosteroids that regulate metabolism, salt balance, and the immune system.
Adrenal cortex
produces catecholamines that help the body cope with different kinds of stress.
Adrenal medulla
regulate metabolism, salt balance, and the immune system.
corticosteroids
help the body cope with different kinds of stress.
catecholamines
These also release epinephrine or adrenaline during stress or strenuous activities
They control the fight-or-flight response (increase blood flow to muscles, pupil dilation, and blood sugar).
Adrenal gland
They control the fight-or-flight response (increase blood flow to muscles, pupil dilation, and blood sugar)
Epinephrine
This is an elongated organ located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach
Pancreas
Two parts of the PANCREAS
exocrine pancreas , exocrine pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes.
exocrine pancreas
responsible for secreting hormones.
insulin
glucagon
endcrine pancreas
These are known as the gonads.
They serve as the source of sex hormones:
testes (male)
ovaries (female)
Reproductive Glands
promotes male secondary sex characteristics during puberty and affect sperm production.
Testosterone
control the development of female characteristics and reproductive functions.
Estrogen and progesterone
produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine cells
are specialized nerve cells that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Neurosecretory cells
enumerate the Endocrine cells
pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, reproductive glands
enumerate the Neurosecretory cells
hypothalamus, pituitary gland
