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Anatomy and Physiology > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

consists of glands that are capable of producing and secreting hormones

A

The endocrine system

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2
Q

are ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine glands

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3
Q

a chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

A

hormone

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4
Q

9 Main endocrine glands

A

-pineal gland
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-thymus
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-ovaries
-testes

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5
Q

It is a pea-sized mass of tissue located in the epithalamus at the center of the brain, which is in between the brain hemispheres.

A

Pineal Gland

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6
Q

Releases Melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

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7
Q

the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and controls reproductive cycles and beginning of puberty

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

This is the control center in maintaining homeostasis

It is important in regulating satiety and body temperature

It also works with the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland release

A

Melatonin

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9
Q

is the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin

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11
Q

stimulates the release of hormones connected to puberty, sexual maturation, and reproductive function.

A

Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

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12
Q

causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth hormone.

A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

This is located at the base of the brain directly beneath the hypothalamus.

It regulates many functions of the endocrine glands.

A

Pituitary Gland

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14
Q

It works with the hypothalamus to command other endocrine glands when to release hormones.

A

Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

Two parts of the Pituitary gland

A

Anterior lobe, posterior lobe

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16
Q

Hormones of the Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Growth hormone , Thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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17
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe
is for bone and tissue growth.

A

Growth hormone

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18
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe is for stimulating the thyroid gland.

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone,

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19
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe is that stimulates the adrenal gland.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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20
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe that regulates milk production

A

Prolactin

21
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe that control sexual functions

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

22
Q

Hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), Oxytocin

23
Q

controls water loss.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin

24
Q

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

A

Oxytocin

25
Q

This is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the lower front part of the neck. It produces the hormone thyroxine.

A

Thyroid Gland

26
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce

A

thyroxine

27
Q

is a hormone used to regulate metabolism.

It plays a crucial role in digestion, muscle control, and bone development.

A

Thyroxin

28
Q

These are two pairs of tiny glands incorporated on the surface of the thyroid gland.

They release parathyroid hormone to regulate the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism.

A

Parathyroid

29
Q

regulates the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism

A

parathyroid hormone

30
Q

This is a small gland with two lobes located in the upper anterior of chest.

It decreases in size as a person ages.

A

Thymus

31
Q

This the only organ for immunity that does not directly attack antigens

It is a site for the maturation of T-cells

A

Thymus

32
Q

are a major type of lymphocytes capable of producing an immune response

A

T-Cells

33
Q

These are two triangular-shaped glands found above the kidneys

A

Adrenal Glands

34
Q

Two parts of the Adrenal Gland

A

adrenal cortex (outer)
adrenal medulla (inner)

35
Q

produces corticosteroids that regulate metabolism, salt balance, and the immune system.

A

Adrenal cortex

36
Q

produces catecholamines that help the body cope with different kinds of stress.

A

Adrenal medulla

37
Q

regulate metabolism, salt balance, and the immune system.

A

corticosteroids

38
Q

help the body cope with different kinds of stress.

A

catecholamines

39
Q

These also release epinephrine or adrenaline during stress or strenuous activities

They control the fight-or-flight response (increase blood flow to muscles, pupil dilation, and blood sugar).

A

Adrenal gland

40
Q

They control the fight-or-flight response (increase blood flow to muscles, pupil dilation, and blood sugar)

A

Epinephrine

41
Q

This is an elongated organ located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach

A

Pancreas

42
Q

Two parts of the PANCREAS

A

exocrine pancreas , exocrine pancreas

43
Q

secretes digestive enzymes.

A

exocrine pancreas

44
Q

responsible for secreting hormones.
insulin
glucagon

A

endcrine pancreas

45
Q

These are known as the gonads.

They serve as the source of sex hormones:
testes (male)
ovaries (female)

A

Reproductive Glands

46
Q

promotes male secondary sex characteristics during puberty and affect sperm production.

A

Testosterone

47
Q

control the development of female characteristics and reproductive functions.

A

Estrogen and progesterone

48
Q

produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine cells

49
Q

are specialized nerve cells that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

A

Neurosecretory cells

50
Q

enumerate the Endocrine cells

A

pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, reproductive glands

51
Q

enumerate the Neurosecretory cells

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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