Cell Cycle and Division Flashcards
With very few exceptions, all of the cells in our body contain genetic material in the form of
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is an
extremely important molecule because it contains the information that codes for your traits
and the processes that ensure survival. It does so because of its notable structure, which is
made up of two helical strands of repeating units called
Nucleotides
(Additionally: These nucleotides
form base pairs, the varying sequences of which code for the different traits.)
DNA has many forms by which it appears in the cell. The phase of the cell cycle usually
dictates what form DNA will appear as. DNA is normally found in the form of ———-
while it is inside the intact nucleus of the cell.
chromatin
DNA, as a molecule, is very long. This is why it
needs to be packaged into a form that can fit inside the cell. This is done through the basic
structure known as the ————
nucleosome.
The nucleosome refers to the level of DNA packaging
where a segment of DNA is wrapped around positively-charged proteins known as
histones
the conformation of DNA that is observable during interphase, is a complex of
DNA and histone proteins.
Chromatin
where the DNA molecule is wrapped around,
helps organize the genetic material inside the nucleus.
Histone proteins,
Chromatin will sometimes need to
further condense into a highly coiled
and compact structure. This highly
condensed form of DNA is known as a
chromosome
organisms have chromosomes that occur in pairs in each of their cells. Each pair of
chromosomes are highly similar to each other but still bear a few differences.
Diploids
cells. Each pair of
chromosomes are highly similar to each other but still bear a few differences. These pairs of
chromosomes are known as
homologous chromosomes.
Diploid and Haploid number in humans
46, 23
This stage is named so because it is when the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA in a very notable process called
DNA replication.
Growth of cytoplasm and doubling of organelles
Gap 1/G1
Cell Cycle in order
G1, S PHASE, G2, M-PHASE, CYTOKINESIS
Continued growth and the production of materials that are necessary for cell division to occur
Protein synthesis but not at the rate similar to that of the G1 phase
Gap 2/G2 phase
