ovarian cancer Flashcards
high risk families
HNPCC/lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
BRCA1
BRCA2
origins of ovarian cancer
most cases probably actually originate from fallopian tube
some derive from pre-existing benign ovarian cysts (often low grade cancers)
role of pathology
type of tumour
tumour grade
tumour stage
–> treatment + prognosis
ovarian cancer symptoms
indigestion, early satiety, poor appetite
altered bowel habit/pain
bloating/discomfort/weight gain
pelvic mass: asymptomatic, pressure symptoms
diagnosing ovarian cancer
surgical/pathological US scan abdomen and pelvis CT scan CA 125 surgery
CA 125
glyco-protein antigen
malignancy: ovary, colon, pancreas, breast
benign: menstruation, endometriosis, PID, liver disease
risk of malignancy index
= U x M x CA 125
ultrasound features
menopausal status
CA 125 level
stage 1
limited to ovaries with capsule intact/ - cytology
stage 2
one or both ovaries with pelvic extension
stage 3
one or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside pelvis or positive nodes
stage 4
distant metastasis
treatment of ovarian cancer
surgery
chemotherapy: adjuvant or neo-adjuvant
ovarian cancer treatment: laparotomy
obtain tissue diagnosis
stage disease
disease clearance
debulk disease
endometrial cancer treatment: chemotherapy
first line platinum and taxane
avg response 2yrs
ovarian cancer screening
population screening not proven
high risk women
- cancer gene mutation carriers
- 2+ relatives
pelvic exam
USS ovaries
CA 125
