Outline 7-8: Brachium/Antebrachium Flashcards by Nuna H

Anterior compartment of Brachium contains which muscles?

Biceps, brachialis (flexors), and coracobrachialis (adductor)

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Blood supply of anterior Brachium. And nerve supply?

Brachial artery; musculocutaneous nerve

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Posterior Brachium contains which muscles?

Triceps (extensor), anconeus, articularis cubiti

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Posterior Brachium blood and nerve supply.

Brachial profunda artery; radial nerve

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Anterior and posterior Brachium compartments divided by:

Deep fascia

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The workhorse of elbow flexion

Brachialis

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The forearm must be in which position to activate biceps?

Supinated

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Workhorse of elbow extension

Medial head of triceps

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Articularis cubiti attaches to:

The joint capsule

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Anconeus is a tiny (flexor/extensor/other) that travels from (X) to (Y)

Extensor

X = lateral epicondyle
Y = lateral olecranon process

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The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery after passing which landmark?

Teres major

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The brachial artery splits into how many main branches? List them.

4 main branches:

Superior ulnar collateral
Profunda brachii
Inferior ulnar collateral
Nutrient artery

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Brachial profunda artery splits into:

Anterior (radial) collateral artery

2. Posterior (middle) collateral artery

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The superior ulnar collateral artery travels:

Posterior to medial elbow side

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The inferior ulnar collateral artery travels:

Anterior to medial elbow side

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Musculocutaneous nerve emerges in antebrachium as (X) after traveling between (Y) and (Z) muscles.

X = lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Y = biceps 
Z = brachialis

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Which nerve(s) have NO innervation in Brachium?

Median and ulnar nerves

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Traveling from the upper Brachium to the lower Brachium, the (X) nerve gradually moved from the (post/ant) compartment to the (post/ant) compartment.

X = ulnar

Anterior to posterior

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How many cutaneous branches originate from radial nerve in Brachium? List them.

3 cutaneous branches:

Lower lateral brachial cutaneous
Posterior brachial cutaneous
Posterior antebrachial cutaneous

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As the radial nerve travels down the Brachium, it innervates (X) before traveling with which artery in which part of the humerus?

X = triceps

Travels with brachial profunda artery in spiral groove (to anterior compartment)

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The radial nerve innervates (X) and (Y), right before dividing in front of (Z) of humerus.

X = brachioradials 
Y = extensor carpi radialis longus 
Z = lateral epicondyle

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Radial nerve eventually divides into which branches? What does each innervate?

Superficial (cutaneous to posterolateral hand)

Deep (muscular branch)

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Anterior forearm muscles blood supply:

Superficial: Ulnar artery
Deep: anterior interosseous artery

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Anterior forearm nerve supply:

Median nerve

EXCEPT: FCU and ulnar half FDP (ULNAR NERVE)

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Muscles of superficial anterior forearm:

1. Pronator Teres 2. Palmaris longus 3. Flexor carpi radialis 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris 5. Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm:

1. Flexor pollicis longus 2. Flexor digitorum profundus 3. Pronator quadratus

Medial epicondyle is a common origin for which muscles?

All superficial muscles of anterior forearm | pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and FDS

Blood supply of superficial muscles of posterior forearm:

Radial artery

Blood supply of deep muscles in posterior forearm:

Posterior interosseous artery

Nerve supply to posterior forearm:

Deep radial nerve EXCEPT: brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus (RADIAL NERVE)

Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm:

1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. Extensor carpi ulnaris 5. Extensor digitorum 6. Extensor digiti minimi

Which muscles have common origin on lateral epicondyle?

All extensors in superficial layer of posterior antebrachium EXCEPT brachioradialis

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm include:

1. Supinator 2. Abductor pollicis longus 3. Extensor pollicis longus 4. Extensor pollicis brevis 5. Extensor indicis

Median nerve enters forearm between:

Two heads of pronator teres

(X) muscle in the forearm is not found in all people, not really needed, and is formally termed a(n) (Y) muscle.

``` X = Palmaris longus Y = vestigial ```

The ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between:

Two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

The only flexor of DIP, digits 2-5, is:

Flexor digitorum profundus

Muscles sharing common origin on lateral supracondylar ridge:

Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

Muscles sharing common origin on lateral epicondyle:

1. Extensor carpi radialis longus 2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 3. Extensor digitorum 5. Extensor digiti minimi 6. Extensor carpi ulnaris

Radial nerve enters forearm through which muscle(s)?

Supinator

Which part of the radius acts as a pulley for (X) muscle?

Dorsal tubercle X = extensor pollicis longus

Wrist abduction/adduction occurs via combined efforts of:

Flexor and extensor carpi radialis (abduction) and ulnaris (adduction)

The brachial artery divides in the:

Cubital fossa

The radial artery travels under (X) muscle, entering the forearm.

X = brachioradialis

The radial recurrent artery anastomoses with (X) on (ant/post) side of:

X = anterior collateral artery On anterior side of lateral elbow

The ulnar artery travels between (X) muscle(s).

X = FCU and FDP

The anterior ulnar recurrent artery anastomoses with (X). And the posterior ulnar recurrent with (Y). Where does each occur, with respect to the elbow joint?

X = inferior ulnar collateral (anterior to medial elbow) Y = superior ulnar collateral (posterior to medial elbow)

The ulnar artery eventually gives off a branch (X), which subsequently divides into:

X = common interosseous artery Divides into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

The posterior interosseous artery has a recurrent artery that anastomoses with:

Posterior collateral artery

The cephalic vein pierces (X) at the top of the (Y) to enter the (Z) vein.

``` X = clavipectoral fascia Y = deltopectoral groove Z = axillary ```

The cephalic and basilic veins are connected by (X) at the (Y).

``` X = medial cubital vein Y = cubital fossa ```

The basilic vein pierces (X) and joins (Y) vein.

``` X = fascia Y = brachial ```

The median nerve enters the Antebrachium through (X), traveling between which muscle(s)?

X = pronator teres Travels between FDS and FDP

The median nerve gives off which branches in the antebrachium? Where does each respective branch go?

1. Articular branch (elbow) 2. Muscular branch (flexors) 3. Palmar cutaneous branch (lateral palm and thenar eminence)

The ulnar nerve gives off which branches in the antebrachium? What does each respective branch supply?

1. Articular branch (elbow) 2. Muscular branch (FCU and ulnar half of FDP) 3. Cutaneous (ulnar side of hand, dorsal fingers, hypothenar eminence)

The ulnar nerve enters the antebrachium through (X), traveling between which muscle(s)?

X = FCU Travels between FCU and FDP (with ulnar artery)

The radial nerve innervates which muscle(s) in posterior antebrachium?

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus

After innervating the muscle(s) in the posterior antebrachium, the radial nerve divides into:

Superficial and deep branches

The superficial branch of the radial nerve travels under (X) with (Y) nerve.

``` X = brachioradialis Y = radial (proper) ```

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve innervate in the forearm?

Nothing

The deep branch of the radial nerve travels through (X) to innervate:

X = supinator Innervates posterior compartment of forearm

In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery is deep to (X), which protects it.

X = bicipital aponeurosis

The (X) vein is superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis.

X = median cubital

Stability of the elbow joint can be attributed to:

1. Ligaments 2. Capsule 3. Bone shapes 4. Muscles

There is a total of (X) elbow joints. How many are pivot? How many hinge? How many ball in socket?

X = 3 2 hinge joints 1 pivot joint

The names of the elbow joint(s):

1. Humeroulnar 2. Humeroradial 3. Proximal radioulnar

The stabilizing collateral ligament for the humeroulnar joint is termed:

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

The humeroulnar joint is between (X) of the humerus and (Y) of the ulna:

``` X = trochlea Y = trochlear notch ```

What are the parts of the ulnar collateral ligament? What does each part connect?

1. Anterior (medial epicondyle to coronoid) 2. Posterior (medial epicondyle to olecranon) 3. Oblique (olecranon to coronoid)

The stabilizing collateral ligament for the humeroradial joint is termed:

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament

The humeroradial joint is between (X) of the humerus and (Y) of the radius:

``` X = capitulum Y = head ```

What specifically does the radial collateral ligament attach to/connect?

From lateral epicondyle to annular ligament

The proximal radioulnar joint connects:

The radial head to the radial notch (on ulna)

The stabilizing ligament(s) for the proximal radioulnar joint are termed:

1. Annular ligament | 2. Quadrate ligament

Explain the attachment of the annular and quadrate ligaments.

Annular: from radial notch, circles head of radius Quadrate: from radial notch, attaches to head of radius

Abduction of elbow is prevented by (X) ligament.

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Adduction of elbow is prevented by (X) ligament.

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament

List the radioulnar joints:

1. Proximal/Superior 2. Middle 3. Distal/Inferior

Which radioulnar joint(s) is /are syndesmoses?

The middle

Which radioulnar joint(s) is /are pivot?

Proximal and Distal

The distal radioulnar joint connects:

The ulnar head and the radius

TFCC stands for (X) and represents:

X = triangular fibrocartilage complex Represents the distal radioulnar joint