Outline 10: Thorax Flashcards
The thorax goes from X to Y
X= base of neck (thoracic inlet
Y= diaphragm
What is housed in the thorax?
Heart and lungs
The abdomen goes from A to B and house what structures?
A = diaphragm B= pelvic Inlet
Viscera of the digestive system
Anterior border of the thorax is..?
Sternum, ribs and costal cartilages
Thoracic vertebrae and ribs form which border of which of the two (thorax or abdomen) structures?
Posterior - thorax
The inferior border of the thorax includes what?
Costal arch and the wide opening formed by the T12 vertebra + 12th pair of ribs
The superior border of the thorax is called what?
Thoracic inlet or thoracic aperture
Thoracic inlet is formed by?
T1 vertebra
1st pair of ribs
sup. margin of manubrium
Contents associated with the thoracic inlet are…?
Apices of lungs Common carotid a. Internal jugular v. Subclavian a. and v. Esophagus and trachea Brachial plexus
Name the syndrome associated with the thoracic inlet? Main problem is what?
Thoracic OUTLET syndrome
= compression of structures in thoracic inlet
How many thoracic vertebrae? What attaches to them and makes them special?
12 - ribs
How many parts to the sternum and name them in order from inferior to superior
3 - xiphoid process, body, manubrium
What is the depression on top of the manubrium called?
Jugular notch!
What is the sternal angle and what does it mark?
The connecting point of manubrium and body of sternum.
Marks location of rib 2 and branching of trachea and atrial high point
Costal cartilages are what type of cartilage?
Hyaline
What are the types of ribs? Numbers of each?
True - first 7
False - 3 (ribs 8-10)
Floating - 2 ( ribs 11-12)
Floating ribs attach to costal cartilages like true ribs do. True or false
So false it ain’t even funny. No anterior attachment for floating ribs
Where do the costal cartilages of true and false ribs attach?
True - to the sternum
False - to the costal cartilages of the rib above
Costal margin =?
The costal Cartilage below the sternum
The costal arch is what?
The two costal margins together
What structures make up the trunk?
Thorax and abdomen
What part of the rib articulates with the vertebral body?
Head of the rib
What articulates with the transverse process ?
The tubercle of the neck
What sits in the costal groove?
Intercostal nerves and blood vessels
What attaches at the costal angle of the rib?
The iliocostalis tendon
What is the joint between rib and vertebral body? What type of joint?
Costovertebral- plane
Name the two ligaments that reinforce costovertebral joint.
Interosseous ligament and radiate (stellate) ligament
The costotranverse joint is between what to structures? What type of joint?
Tubercle of Rib and transverse processes - plane
The interosseous ligament is involved in what joint? Connects X and Y.
Costovertebral-
X = crest of head of rib
Y= intervertebral disc
The superior costotranverse (CT) ligament is between what?
Crest of neck and inferior surface of xverse process of vertebra above
The lateral CT ligaments connect what?
Tip of xverse process to same rib’s tubercle
Costotranverse (CT) proper ligament connects…?
Neck of rib to xverse process of same number vertebra
Of the ligaments involved in the Costotransverse joint which is the strongest?
CT proper/posterior
How many posterior joints? How many anterior joints?
2 in the posterior
4 in the anterior
The 2 rib sternum joints are?
Costochondral
Chondrosternal (or sternocostal)
The costochondral, FIRST chondrosternal, and xiphisternal joints are all examples of what type of joint?
Synchondroses
What joint in the anterior thorax is a symphysis?
Manubriosternal joint
The two intrasternal joints are the…?
Manubriosternal and Xiphisternal joint
Muscles in the thorax exclusively concerned with respiration include…?
Diaphragm, External/Internal intercostals, Serratus Posterior, and Levator Costarum
External intercostals have their fibers in what orientation?
Inferomedially or “hands in pocket”
The bulk of external intercostals is located X as opposed to the bulk of internal intercostals being located Y.
X= posteriorly Y = anteriorly
The innermost layer of the intercostals is the deepest layer of the intercostals and is part of the internal intercostals muscle. True or False?
True!
What is the orientation of the fibers of the internal intercostals and innermost?
Superomedial
Levator costarum are (anterior/posterior) muscles and contract to:
Posterior
Elevate ribs
Superficial fascia of the thorax is high in (X) and referred to as (Y) tissue.
X = adipose Y = breast
List the layers of thoracic wall, from outermost to innermost:
(Thorax) 1. Endothoracic fascia 2. Parietal pleura 3. Pleural cavity 4. Visceral pleura (Lung)
The endothoracic fascia lines:
The thoracic cavity
(X) and (Y) act like giant (Z), enclosing the heart and lungs.
X = parietal pleura Y = visceral pleura Z = bursa
The suprapleural membrane is (thinner/thicker) connective tissue, an extension of (X) that covers (Y) in the (Z).
Thicker
X = endothoracic fascia Y = apices of lungs Z = thoracic inlet
Inflammation of tissue that line lungs and chest cavity:
Pleurisy
Where do nerves and blood vessels in thorax run, with respect to ribs?
Between each pair of ribs and under the last rib
The intercostal nerves are (anterior/posterior) rami of which vertebra(e)?
Anterior rami T1-T11
The subcostal nerve is (anterior/posterior) ramus of which vertebra(e)?
Anterior ramus T12
Nerve and blood supply in thorax run between which two layers?
Internal and innermost layers
Fate of the upper intercostal nerves:
Become cutaneous anteriorally
The lower intercostal and subcostal nerves become cutaneous supply to:
Flat anterior abdominal wall muscles
First 2 IC spaces blood supply:
- First 2 posterior IC arteries
2. Superior thoracic artery
The first 2 posterior IC arteries are branches off of (X). The remaining branch off of (Y).
X = the supreme IC artery Y = the aorta
The IC spaces, aside from the first two, are supplied (anteriorly/posteriorly).
Both anterior and posterior sources!
The internal thoracic artery is a branch off of (X), travels within the (Y) and gives off:
X = subclavian artery Y = thorax
Gives off the anterior IC arteries
Does blood supply to the thorax have a posterior source? If so, name any/all arteries responsible.
Yes
First 2 IC spaces: (2) posterior IC arteries, from supreme IC artery
Remaining IC spaces: (9) posterior IC arteries and (1) subcostal artery, from aorta
Venous system in thorax: the posterior IC veins anastamose with the (X). Blood then travels through the (Y) vein or the (Z) vein and finally through the:
X = anterior IC veins Y = azygos Z = hemiazygos
Superior vena cava
List the three thoracic lymph nodes.
- Axillary
- Parasternal
- Intercostal
(X) lymph nodes to anterior and posterior superficial thorax.
X = axillary
(X) lymph nodes to deep anterior thorax.
X = parasternal
(X) lymph nodes to deep posterior thorax.
X = intercostal
Which 3 key things travel between internal and innermost layers of thorax?
VAN
Posterior IC vein and artery
IC nerve
