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GA Lecture NVB > Outline 10: Thorax > Flashcards

Outline 10: Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

The thorax goes from X to Y

A

X= base of neck (thoracic inlet

Y= diaphragm

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2
Q

What is housed in the thorax?

A

Heart and lungs

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3
Q

The abdomen goes from A to B and house what structures?

A 
A = diaphragm 
B= pelvic Inlet

Viscera of the digestive system

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4
Q

Anterior border of the thorax is..?

A

Sternum, ribs and costal cartilages

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5
Q

Thoracic vertebrae and ribs form which border of which of the two (thorax or abdomen) structures?

A

Posterior - thorax

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6
Q

The inferior border of the thorax includes what?

A

Costal arch and the wide opening formed by the T12 vertebra + 12th pair of ribs

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7
Q

The superior border of the thorax is called what?

A

Thoracic inlet or thoracic aperture

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8
Q

Thoracic inlet is formed by?

A

T1 vertebra
1st pair of ribs
sup. margin of manubrium

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9
Q

Contents associated with the thoracic inlet are…?

A 
Apices of lungs
Common carotid a.
Internal jugular v. 
Subclavian a. and v.
Esophagus and trachea
Brachial plexus
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10
Q

Name the syndrome associated with the thoracic inlet? Main problem is what?

A

Thoracic OUTLET syndrome

= compression of structures in thoracic inlet

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11
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae? What attaches to them and makes them special?

A

12 - ribs

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12
Q

How many parts to the sternum and name them in order from inferior to superior

A

3 - xiphoid process, body, manubrium

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13
Q

What is the depression on top of the manubrium called?

A

Jugular notch!

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14
Q

What is the sternal angle and what does it mark?

A

The connecting point of manubrium and body of sternum.

Marks location of rib 2 and branching of trachea and atrial high point

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15
Q

Costal cartilages are what type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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16
Q

What are the types of ribs? Numbers of each?

A

True - first 7
False - 3 (ribs 8-10)
Floating - 2 ( ribs 11-12)

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17
Q

Floating ribs attach to costal cartilages like true ribs do. True or false

A

So false it ain’t even funny. No anterior attachment for floating ribs

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18
Q

Where do the costal cartilages of true and false ribs attach?

A

True - to the sternum

False - to the costal cartilages of the rib above

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19
Q

Costal margin =?

A

The costal Cartilage below the sternum

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20
Q

The costal arch is what?

A

The two costal margins together

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21
Q

What structures make up the trunk?

A

Thorax and abdomen

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22
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the vertebral body?

A

Head of the rib

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23
Q

What articulates with the transverse process ?

A

The tubercle of the neck

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24
Q

What sits in the costal groove?

A

Intercostal nerves and blood vessels

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25
Q

What attaches at the costal angle of the rib?

A

The iliocostalis tendon

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26
Q

What is the joint between rib and vertebral body? What type of joint?

A

Costovertebral- plane

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27
Q

Name the two ligaments that reinforce costovertebral joint.

A

Interosseous ligament and radiate (stellate) ligament

28
Q

The costotranverse joint is between what to structures? What type of joint?

A

Tubercle of Rib and transverse processes - plane

29
Q

The interosseous ligament is involved in what joint? Connects X and Y.

A

Costovertebral-
X = crest of head of rib
Y= intervertebral disc

30
Q

The superior costotranverse (CT) ligament is between what?

A

Crest of neck and inferior surface of xverse process of vertebra above

31
Q

The lateral CT ligaments connect what?

A

Tip of xverse process to same rib’s tubercle

32
Q

Costotranverse (CT) proper ligament connects…?

A

Neck of rib to xverse process of same number vertebra

33
Q

Of the ligaments involved in the Costotransverse joint which is the strongest?

A

CT proper/posterior

34
Q

How many posterior joints? How many anterior joints?

A

2 in the posterior

4 in the anterior

35
Q

The 2 rib sternum joints are?

A

Costochondral

Chondrosternal (or sternocostal)

36
Q

The costochondral, FIRST chondrosternal, and xiphisternal joints are all examples of what type of joint?

A

Synchondroses

37
Q

What joint in the anterior thorax is a symphysis?

A

Manubriosternal joint

38
Q

The two intrasternal joints are the…?

A

Manubriosternal and Xiphisternal joint

39
Q

Muscles in the thorax exclusively concerned with respiration include…?

A

Diaphragm, External/Internal intercostals, Serratus Posterior, and Levator Costarum

40
Q

External intercostals have their fibers in what orientation?

A

Inferomedially or “hands in pocket”

41
Q

The bulk of external intercostals is located X as opposed to the bulk of internal intercostals being located Y.

A 
X= posteriorly
Y = anteriorly
42
Q

The innermost layer of the intercostals is the deepest layer of the intercostals and is part of the internal intercostals muscle. True or False?

A

True!

43
Q

What is the orientation of the fibers of the internal intercostals and innermost?

A

Superomedial

44
Q

Levator costarum are (anterior/posterior) muscles and contract to:

A

Posterior

Elevate ribs

45
Q

Superficial fascia of the thorax is high in (X) and referred to as (Y) tissue.

A 
X = adipose
Y = breast
46
Q

List the layers of thoracic wall, from outermost to innermost:

A 
(Thorax) 
1. Endothoracic fascia
2. Parietal pleura
3. Pleural cavity
4. Visceral pleura
(Lung)
47
Q

The endothoracic fascia lines:

A

The thoracic cavity

48
Q

(X) and (Y) act like giant (Z), enclosing the heart and lungs.

A 
X = parietal pleura
Y = visceral pleura
Z = bursa
49
Q

The suprapleural membrane is (thinner/thicker) connective tissue, an extension of (X) that covers (Y) in the (Z).

A

Thicker

X = endothoracic fascia
Y = apices of lungs
Z = thoracic inlet
50
Q

Inflammation of tissue that line lungs and chest cavity:

A

Pleurisy

51
Q

Where do nerves and blood vessels in thorax run, with respect to ribs?

A

Between each pair of ribs and under the last rib

52
Q

The intercostal nerves are (anterior/posterior) rami of which vertebra(e)?

A

Anterior rami T1-T11

53
Q

The subcostal nerve is (anterior/posterior) ramus of which vertebra(e)?

A

Anterior ramus T12

54
Q

Nerve and blood supply in thorax run between which two layers?

A

Internal and innermost layers

55
Q

Fate of the upper intercostal nerves:

A

Become cutaneous anteriorally

56
Q

The lower intercostal and subcostal nerves become cutaneous supply to:

A

Flat anterior abdominal wall muscles

57
Q

First 2 IC spaces blood supply:

A
  1. First 2 posterior IC arteries

2. Superior thoracic artery

58
Q

The first 2 posterior IC arteries are branches off of (X). The remaining branch off of (Y).

A 
X = the supreme IC artery
Y = the aorta
59
Q

The IC spaces, aside from the first two, are supplied (anteriorly/posteriorly).

A

Both anterior and posterior sources!

60
Q

The internal thoracic artery is a branch off of (X), travels within the (Y) and gives off:

A 
X = subclavian artery
Y = thorax

Gives off the anterior IC arteries

61
Q

Does blood supply to the thorax have a posterior source? If so, name any/all arteries responsible.

A

Yes

First 2 IC spaces: (2) posterior IC arteries, from supreme IC artery

Remaining IC spaces: (9) posterior IC arteries and (1) subcostal artery, from aorta

62
Q

Venous system in thorax: the posterior IC veins anastamose with the (X). Blood then travels through the (Y) vein or the (Z) vein and finally through the:

A 
X = anterior IC veins
Y = azygos
Z = hemiazygos

Superior vena cava

63
Q

List the three thoracic lymph nodes.

A
  1. Axillary
  2. Parasternal
  3. Intercostal
64
Q

(X) lymph nodes to anterior and posterior superficial thorax.

A

X = axillary

65
Q

(X) lymph nodes to deep anterior thorax.

A

X = parasternal

66
Q

(X) lymph nodes to deep posterior thorax.

A

X = intercostal

67
Q

Which 3 key things travel between internal and innermost layers of thorax?

A

VAN

Posterior IC vein and artery
IC nerve

GA Lecture NVB (12 decks)

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