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GA Lecture NVB > Outline 10: Thorax > Flashcards

Outline 10: Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

The thorax goes from X to Y

A

X= base of neck (thoracic inlet

Y= diaphragm

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2
Q

What is housed in the thorax?

A

Heart and lungs

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3
Q

The abdomen goes from A to B and house what structures?

A 
A = diaphragm 
B= pelvic Inlet

Viscera of the digestive system

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4
Q

Anterior border of the thorax is..?

A

Sternum, ribs and costal cartilages

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5
Q

Thoracic vertebrae and ribs form which border of which of the two (thorax or abdomen) structures?

A

Posterior - thorax

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6
Q

The inferior border of the thorax includes what?

A

Costal arch and the wide opening formed by the T12 vertebra + 12th pair of ribs

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7
Q

The superior border of the thorax is called what?

A

Thoracic inlet or thoracic aperture

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8
Q

Thoracic inlet is formed by?

A

T1 vertebra
1st pair of ribs
sup. margin of manubrium

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9
Q

Contents associated with the thoracic inlet are…?

A 
Apices of lungs
Common carotid a.
Internal jugular v. 
Subclavian a. and v.
Esophagus and trachea
Brachial plexus
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10
Q

Name the syndrome associated with the thoracic inlet? Main problem is what?

A

Thoracic OUTLET syndrome

= compression of structures in thoracic inlet

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11
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae? What attaches to them and makes them special?

A

12 - ribs

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12
Q

How many parts to the sternum and name them in order from inferior to superior

A

3 - xiphoid process, body, manubrium

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13
Q

What is the depression on top of the manubrium called?

A

Jugular notch!

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14
Q

What is the sternal angle and what does it mark?

A

The connecting point of manubrium and body of sternum.

Marks location of rib 2 and branching of trachea and atrial high point

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15
Q

Costal cartilages are what type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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16
Q

What are the types of ribs? Numbers of each?

A

True - first 7
False - 3 (ribs 8-10)
Floating - 2 ( ribs 11-12)

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17
Q

Floating ribs attach to costal cartilages like true ribs do. True or false

A

So false it ain’t even funny. No anterior attachment for floating ribs

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18
Q

Where do the costal cartilages of true and false ribs attach?

A

True - to the sternum

False - to the costal cartilages of the rib above

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19
Q

Costal margin =?

A

The costal Cartilage below the sternum

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20
Q

The costal arch is what?

A

The two costal margins together

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21
Q

What structures make up the trunk?

A

Thorax and abdomen

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22
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the vertebral body?

A

Head of the rib

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23
Q

What articulates with the transverse process ?

A

The tubercle of the neck

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24
Q

What sits in the costal groove?

A

Intercostal nerves and blood vessels

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25
What attaches at the costal angle of the rib?
The iliocostalis tendon
26
What is the joint between rib and vertebral body? What type of joint?
Costovertebral- plane
27
Name the two ligaments that reinforce costovertebral joint.
Interosseous ligament and radiate (stellate) ligament
28
The costotranverse joint is between what to structures? What type of joint?
Tubercle of Rib and transverse processes - plane
29
The interosseous ligament is involved in what joint? Connects X and Y.
Costovertebral- X = crest of head of rib Y= intervertebral disc
30
The superior costotranverse (CT) ligament is between what?
Crest of neck and inferior surface of xverse process of vertebra above
31
The lateral CT ligaments connect what?
Tip of xverse process to same rib's tubercle
32
Costotranverse (CT) proper ligament connects...?
Neck of rib to xverse process of same number vertebra
33
Of the ligaments involved in the Costotransverse joint which is the strongest?
CT proper/posterior
34
How many posterior joints? How many anterior joints?
2 in the posterior | 4 in the anterior
35
The 2 rib sternum joints are?
Costochondral Chondrosternal (or sternocostal)
36
The costochondral, FIRST chondrosternal, and xiphisternal joints are all examples of what type of joint?
Synchondroses
37
What joint in the anterior thorax is a symphysis?
Manubriosternal joint
38
The two intrasternal joints are the...?
Manubriosternal and Xiphisternal joint
39
Muscles in the thorax exclusively concerned with respiration include...?
Diaphragm, External/Internal intercostals, Serratus Posterior, and Levator Costarum
40
External intercostals have their fibers in what orientation?
Inferomedially or "hands in pocket"
41
The bulk of external intercostals is located X as opposed to the bulk of internal intercostals being located Y.
``` X= posteriorly Y = anteriorly ```
42
The innermost layer of the intercostals is the deepest layer of the intercostals and is part of the internal intercostals muscle. True or False?
True!
43
What is the orientation of the fibers of the internal intercostals and innermost?
Superomedial
44
Levator costarum are (anterior/posterior) muscles and contract to:
Posterior Elevate ribs
45
Superficial fascia of the thorax is high in (X) and referred to as (Y) tissue.
``` X = adipose Y = breast ```
46
List the layers of thoracic wall, from outermost to innermost:
``` (Thorax) 1. Endothoracic fascia 2. Parietal pleura 3. Pleural cavity 4. Visceral pleura (Lung) ```
47
The endothoracic fascia lines:
The thoracic cavity
48
(X) and (Y) act like giant (Z), enclosing the heart and lungs.
``` X = parietal pleura Y = visceral pleura Z = bursa ```
49
The suprapleural membrane is (thinner/thicker) connective tissue, an extension of (X) that covers (Y) in the (Z).
Thicker ``` X = endothoracic fascia Y = apices of lungs Z = thoracic inlet ```
50
Inflammation of tissue that line lungs and chest cavity:
Pleurisy
51
Where do nerves and blood vessels in thorax run, with respect to ribs?
Between each pair of ribs and under the last rib
52
The intercostal nerves are (anterior/posterior) rami of which vertebra(e)?
Anterior rami T1-T11
53
The subcostal nerve is (anterior/posterior) ramus of which vertebra(e)?
Anterior ramus T12
54
Nerve and blood supply in thorax run between which two layers?
Internal and innermost layers
55
Fate of the upper intercostal nerves:
Become cutaneous anteriorally
56
The lower intercostal and subcostal nerves become cutaneous supply to:
Flat anterior abdominal wall muscles
57
First 2 IC spaces blood supply:
1. First 2 posterior IC arteries | 2. Superior thoracic artery
58
The first 2 posterior IC arteries are branches off of (X). The remaining branch off of (Y).
``` X = the supreme IC artery Y = the aorta ```
59
The IC spaces, aside from the first two, are supplied (anteriorly/posteriorly).
Both anterior and posterior sources!
60
The internal thoracic artery is a branch off of (X), travels within the (Y) and gives off:
``` X = subclavian artery Y = thorax ``` Gives off the anterior IC arteries
61
Does blood supply to the thorax have a posterior source? If so, name any/all arteries responsible.
Yes First 2 IC spaces: (2) posterior IC arteries, from supreme IC artery Remaining IC spaces: (9) posterior IC arteries and (1) subcostal artery, from aorta
62
Venous system in thorax: the posterior IC veins anastamose with the (X). Blood then travels through the (Y) vein or the (Z) vein and finally through the:
``` X = anterior IC veins Y = azygos Z = hemiazygos ``` Superior vena cava
63
List the three thoracic lymph nodes.
1. Axillary 2. Parasternal 3. Intercostal
64
(X) lymph nodes to anterior and posterior superficial thorax.
X = axillary
65
(X) lymph nodes to deep anterior thorax.
X = parasternal
66
(X) lymph nodes to deep posterior thorax.
X = intercostal
67
Which 3 key things travel between internal and innermost layers of thorax?
VAN Posterior IC vein and artery IC nerve

GA Lecture NVB (12 decks)

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