Outline 5: Axilla, Brach. Plexus And BS For Arm

Question 1

The two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk are…?

Answer 1

Right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

Question 2

After what anatomical landmark is the subclavian artery referred to as the axillary?

Answer 2

Post Rib 1

Question 3

Throwback: name the artery(ies) that branch(es) off axillary I

Answer 3

Superior thoracic artery

Question 4

What are the subsequent blood vessels that supply the arm starting with Axillary artery?

Answer 4

Axillary -> brachial a. ->brachial profunda a.

• Brachial a. -> radial and ulnar arteries
• brachial profunda a. branches off of brachial a. and the brachial artery continues down into forearm where it branches off into radial and ulnar a.

Question 5

The brachial profunda artery travels in which landmark of the humerus?

Answer 5

Radial groove of humerus

Question 6

Where do the vertebral arteries travel?

Answer 6

In the cervical transverse foramen (holes in the transverse processes)

Question 7

How many branches off the thyrocervical trunk? Names?

Answer 7

4.

1. Suprascapular a.
2. Transverse cervical a.
3. Dorsal scapular a.
4. Inferior thyroid a.

Question 8

The transverse cervical a. supplies which muscle(s)?

Answer 8

Trapezius

Question 9

The muscle(s) supplied by dorsal scapular artery is/are?

Answer 9

Rhomboid major and minor + levator scapulae

Question 10

The two muscles supplied by suprascapular artery?

Answer 10

Supra- and infraspinatus

Question 11

Inferior thyroid artery supplies what structures?

Answer 11

Thyroid and sternoclavicular joint

Question 12

Name the next trunk that comes after thyrocervical?

Answer 12

Costocervical trunk

Question 13

How many branches on the costocervical trunk? Names?

Answer 13

2 branches - deep cervical artery and supreme intercostal

Question 14

Name the two vessels coming off of Axillary 2.

Answer 14

Thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery

Question 15

Name the branches of the thoracoacromial trunk.

Answer 15

Pectoral, clavicular, acromial, deltoid

Question 16

What does the deep cervical branch of the costocervical trunk supply?

Answer 16

Cervical vertebrae

Question 17

The lateral thoracic a. supplies which muscle?

Answer 17

Serratus anterior

Question 18

3 structures branching off of Axillary III?

Answer 18

Sub scapular trunk, Anterior Circumflex a., Posterior circumflex A.

Question 19

What structure do both the ACH and PCH arteries supply?

Answer 19

Shoulder joint

Question 20

The PCH artery is responsible for supplying what?

Answer 20

Deltoids and teres minor

Question 21

Branches of the subscapular trunk (AX.3)

Answer 21

Thoracodorsal artery and Circumflex scapular artery

Question 22

Muscle(s) supplied by thoracodorsal artery …?

Answer 22

Latissimus Doris

Question 23

The circumflex scapular artery supplies which two muscles?

Answer 23

Subscapularis and Teres Major

Question 24

Name the 3 vessels that arise from the summit of the aortic arch?

Answer 24

1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Left common carotid a.
3. Left subclavian a.

Question 25

The apex of the Axilla is:

Answer 25

Portion of clavicle that crosses the first rib

Question 26

The base of the Axilla is:

Answer 26

The skin of the armpit

Question 27

The anterior border of the Axilla is (X). The posterior border is (Y). The medial border is (Z).

Answer 27

X = the pecs
Y = scapula/subscapularis
Z = serratus anterior/ribs

Question 28

The lateral border of the Axilla is:

Answer 28

The proximal humerus

Question 29

List the contents of the Axilla.

Answer 29

1. Axillary artery & vein
2. Brachial plexus
3. Fatty tissue
4. Lymph nodes

Question 30

Clinical: injecting an anesthetic into the axillary sheath will result in…

Answer 30

Axillary Block: Blocked sensation and inability to move the arm

Question 31

The roots of the brachial plexus:

Answer 31

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

Question 32

Where are the respective locations/landmarks of the following parts of the brachial plexus:

1. Trunks
2. Divisions
3. Cords
4. Terminal nerves

Answer 32

1. Trunks (Rib 1)
2. Divisions (Clavicle)
3. Cords (Axilla)
4. Terminal nerves (Arm)

Question 33

Anterior divisions typically correspond to which muscle actions? What about posterior divisions?

Answer 33

Anterior: flexion, adduction, internal rotation

Posterior: extension, abduction, external rotation

Question 34

Name the root(s) of and muscles innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve…!

Answer 34

Nerve roots: C5-C7

Muscles: biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 35

Name the 4 supraclavicular branches

Answer 35

Dorsal Scapular
Long Thoracic
N to Subclavius
Suprascapular

Question 36

Name the 7 infraclavicular branches

Answer 36

medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous
medial and lateral pectoral
upper and lower subscapular
thoracodorsal

Question 37

Describe Erb’s Palsy or Knapsack Palsy?

Answer 37

The nerve axons are stretched leading to damage in C5/C6. Symptoms are a droopy scapula and shoulder. Becase infraspinatus and teres major innervation is gone (external rotators) the arm becomes internally rotates. Can’t raise hand over head and winged scapula.

This can be caused by a turned neck during birth or wearing a backpack

Question 38

Describe Klumpke’s Palsy?

Answer 38

Axons of Lower Brachial Plexus are damaged (C8-T1)
symptoms- most intrinsic hand muscles gone(MCP), IP joints flexed and thumb abducted, creates clawed hand
OR numb medial arm