Outline 3: NS

Question 1

Number of Spinal Nerve pairs

Answer 1

31

Question 2

Glia functions

Answer 2

1. Support, nourish, protect cell 2. Mop up excess K+ (maintain extracellular environment) 3. Signaling

Question 3

Types of neurons

Answer 3

Afferent, Efferent, Interneurons

Question 4

Efferent neurons are:

Answer 4

Motor neurons

Question 5

Efferent neurons have their bodies in…

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Afferent neurons are:

Answer 6

Sensory neurons

Question 7

Afferent neurons have their bodies in…

Answer 7

PNS

Question 8

Axons of CNS

Answer 8

White matter

Question 9

Axons of PNS

Answer 9

Nerves

Question 10

Cell bodies of CNS

Answer 10

Gray matter

Question 11

Cell bodies of PNS

Answer 11

Ganglia

Question 12

Number of Cranial Nerve pairs

Answer 12

12

Question 13

Connective tissue enclosing CNS

Answer 13

Meninges

Question 14

Order of meninges (outermost to innermost)

Answer 14

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 15

CSF travels in the…

Answer 15

Subarachnoid space

Question 16

Functions of CSF

Answer 16

1. Reduces brain weight (by 93%) 2. Cushions/shock absorption

Question 17

Spinal cord functions

Answer 17

1. Major reflex center 2. Major conduction pathway between brain and body

Question 18

Spinal cord extends from (X) to (Y).

Answer 18

X = foramen magnum Y = L1-L2

Question 19

Spinal cord travels in…

Answer 19

Vertebral canal

Question 20

Spinal cord protected by…

Answer 20

Bone, ligaments, meninges, CSF

Question 21

Name the two spinal cord segmental enlargements

Answer 21

1. Brachial/cervical enlargement 2. Lumbosacral enlargement

Question 22

Bundles of neuron axons in PNS

Answer 22

Nerves

Question 23

The end of the spinal cord is termed:

Answer 23

Conus medullaris

Question 24

The conus medullaris is present around which spinal processes?

Answer 24

L1/L2

Question 25

After the medullary cone, the Pia continues as a (X), formally termed (Y).

Answer 25

X = filament Y = filum terminale

Question 26

Bundle of spinal nerves after conus medullaris

Answer 26

Cauda equina

Question 27

In spinal cord, gray matter is located (centrally/peripherally), and white matter is located (centrally/peripherally).

Answer 27

1. Centrally 2. Peripherally

Question 28

Gray matter regions in spinal cord:

Answer 28

1. Dorsal horn 2. Ventral horn 3. Intermediate zone 4. Lateral horn

Question 29

Spinal cord dorsal horn involved in..

Answer 29

Sensory functions

Question 30

Spinal cord ventral horn involved in..

Answer 30

Motor functions

Question 31

Spinal cord intermediate zone primarily contains..

Answer 31

Interneurons

Question 32

Spinal cord lateral horn contains..

Answer 32

Pre-ganglionic SNS cell bodies

Question 33

Spinal cord segments containing lateral horn

Answer 33

Thoracic and upper lumbar

Question 34

Dorsal root contains (sensory/motor/both) neurons

Answer 34

Sensory

Question 35

Ventral root contains (sensory/motor/both) neurons

Answer 35

Motor

Question 36

Spinal nerve contains (sensory/motor/both) neurons

Answer 36

Both, sensory and motor

Question 37

The dorsal ramus is (smaller/larger) than ventral ramus. Why?

Answer 37

Smaller It’s neurons’ axons only innervate deep back muscles and overlying skin. Ventral ramus supplies remaining trunks and limbs.

Question 38

Which portion of spinal cord contains most white matter?

Answer 38

Cervical

Question 39

Label

Answer 39

a) posterior medullary artery
b) posterior radicular artery
c) anterior medullary artery
d) anterior radicular artery