Outline 6: Shoulder Flashcards by Nuna H

Blood supply of shoulder

Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries

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Shoulder muscles that are “direct”, trunk to humerus

Pec major

2. Latissimus dorsi

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Extrinsic shoulder muscles move (X) with respect to (Y)

X = shoulder girdle
Y = axial skeleton

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The anterior extrinsic shoulder muscles are:

Pec minor

2. Subclavius

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The posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles are:

Trapezius
Locator scapulae
Rhomboids

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Intrinsic shoulder muscles move (X) relative to (Y)

X = free limb
Y = shoulder girdle

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Intrinsic shoulder muscles include:

Rotator cuff (SITS)
Teres major
Deltoid

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Subclavius is an example of a (spurt/shunt) muscle

Shunt

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Serratus anterior is which type of shoulder muscle?

Extrinsic

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Shoulder abduction is initiated by:

Supraspinatus

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Source of shoulder nerve innervation is (anterior/posterior) rami of spinal nerves (X) to (Y). This is formally termed (Z)

X= C5
Y = T1
Z = Brachial plexus

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How many shoulder joints? List them. Which isn’t REALLY a joint, and why?

4 shoulder joints:
Scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

Scapulothoracic not really joint: no articulating surface

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Glenohumeral joint connects:

Humerus to scapula

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Sternoclavicular joint connects:

Clavicle to sternum

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Acromioclavicular joint connects:

Scapula to clavicle

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Scapulothoracic joint connects:

Scapula to rib cage

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Muscles involved in scapula elevation:

Levator scapulae

2. Upper fibers of trapezius

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Muscles involved in scapula depression:

Lower fibers of trapezius

2. Pec minor

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Muscles involved in retraction of scapula:

Rhomboids

2. Middle fibers of trapezius

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Muscles involved in protraction of scapula

Pec minor

2. Serratus anterior

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Muscles involved in upward/downward rotation of scapula

Upward: trapezius (upper and lower fibers), serratus anterior

Downward: pec minor, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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The sternoclavicular joint has how many major ligaments? Name ‘em.

3 total

Sternoclavicular ligaments (anterior and posterior)
Costoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament

What is the fibrous capsule of the sternoclavicular joint attached to?

Clavicle, sternum, and articulating disk

Blood supply of sternoclavicular joint:

Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Inferior branch of thyrocervical trunk

Sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint?

Plane joint

Sternoclavicular joint has how many joint spaces?

Acromioclavicular joint has how many major ligaments? Name them.

2 ligaments 1. Acromioclavicular 2. Coracoclavicular

The acomioclavicular ligament function:

Reinforces scapula

Acromioclavicular joint blood supply

Acromial rete

The Acromial rete stems from:

Acromial and deltoid arteries

Acromioclavicular joint nerve innervation:

Suprascapular, axillary, pectoral nerves

Acromioclavicular joint is which kind of joint?

Plane joint

The glenohumeral joint is similar to which other joint?

Hip joint

Ligaments of glenohumeral joint:

1. Coracohumeral 2. Glenohumeral 3. Transverse

Ligament that spans the intertubercular groove of the humerus:

Transverse ligament of glenohumeral joint

Coracohumeral ligament specifically attaches to:

Coracoid process and tubercle of humerus

95% of shoulder dislocations occur as result of movements in which direction(s)?

Anterior and inferior movements

To add superior reinforcement to the shoulder joint, the (X) ligament attaches to which two structures to form the (Y) arch?

X = Y = coracoacromial Connects coracoid process and acromion process

Bursae in the glenohumeral joint is (above/under) acromion and (above/under) deltoids.

Under; under

Blood supply of glenohumeral joint:

1. Suprascapular artery | 2. Two circumflex humeral arteries

Glenohumeral joint nerve supply

Axillary and suprascapular nerves

Muscles involved in shoulder flexion:

Pec major, biceps (short head), deltoid (anterior), coracobrachialis

Muscles involved in shoulder extension:

Deltoids (posterior), triceps (long head), latissimus dorsi

Muscles involved in internal rotation of shoulder:

Latissimus dorsi, deltoids (anterior), subscapularis, pec major, teres major

Muscles involved in external rotation:

Infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoids (posterior)

Dynamic stability of shoulder (GH) joint is maintained primarily by which muscles?

Rotator cuff

Borders of the triangular space:

Teres minor (superior), teres major (inferior), long head triceps (lateral)

Content(s) of triangular space:

Circumflex scapular artery

Borders of quadrangular space:

Long head triceps (medial), teres minor (superior), teres major (inferior), and surgical neck humerus (lateral)

Content(s) of quadrangular space:

PCHA and axillary nerve

A lesion in suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch affects which muscle(s) and which movement(s)?

Muscles: supraspinatus and infraspinatis Actions: can't initiate abduction; compromised external rotation

Lesion in the long thoracic nerve at ribs affects which muscle(s) and action(s)?

Serratus anterior; winged scapula and compromised upward rotation of scapula

Lesion in axillary nerve by proximal humerus affects which muscle(s) and action(s)?

Teres minor and deltoids Compromised external rotation, extension, abduction