Outline 4: Back/Posterior Shoulder Flashcards
1
Q
“Secondary” or (X) vertebral curves
A
X = “Lordotic”
2
Q
The two primary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.
A
X = Thoracic Y = Sacral
3
Q
The two secondary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.
A
X = Cervical Y= Lumbar
4
Q
Lateral curves are present in..
A
Scoliosis
5
Q
Part of vertebra that connects arch to body
A
Pedicle
6
Q
Series of vertebral foramen
A
Vertebral canal
7
Q
Opening in vertebra, through which spinal cord passes
A
Vertebral foramen
8
Q
“Primary” or (X) vertebral curves
A
X = “Kyphotic”
9
Q
How many vertebral processes? How many articular processes?
A
3 vertebral processes 4 articular processes
10
Q
The vertebral processes: name and respective number of each
A
2 Transverse processes 1 spinous process
11
Q
The articular processes: name and respective number of each
A
2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular processes
12
Q
Spinal nerves exiting laterally from spinal cord pass through which openings in vertebral column?
A
Intervertebral foramen
13
Q
Transverse foramen are found in vertebrae of which section of vertebral column?
A
Cervical
14
Q
Which vertebrae usually have a bifid spinous process?
A
Cervical
15
Q
Which vertebrae have long, sloping spinous process?
A
Thoracic
16
Q
(X) vertebrae have (Y) facets for articulation with the ribs.
A
X = Thoracic Y = Costal
17
Q
Joints between vertebral bodies are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?
A
Synarthroses Symphysis joints
18
Q
Joints between vertebral arches are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?
A
Diarthroses Plane Joints
19
Q
The two parts of the intervertebral discs are termed:
A
- Annulus fibrosus 2. Nucleus pulposus
20
Q
The (X) of the intervertebral disc is thicker in the (anterior/posterior) part of joint.
A
X = Annulus fibrosus Anterior
21
Q
Ruptured discs typically occur in which direction? Why?
A
Post-laterally Thicker annulus fibrosus anteriorally; also posterior long ligament protects against purely posterior tear
22
Q
Vertebral column movements include
A
- Rotation 2. Flexion/extension 3. Lateral bending
23
Q
Describe rotation in different parts of vertebral column.
A
Decreases as move down column
24
Q
Flexion/extension of vertebral column is greatest in which regions?
A
Cervical and lumbar
25
Lateral bending is generally (small/large) in vertebral column. Where is it the smallest? Why?
Small Thorax (Thoracic vertebrae) Limited by ribcage
26
There are (X) intersegmental and (Y) intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column.
X = 3 Y = 3
27
The intersegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:
Many vertebrae (run entire vertical length of column)
28
The intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:
Adjacent vertebrae
29
The intersegmental ligaments of the vertebral column are:
1. Anterior longitudinal ligament 2. Posterior longitudinal ligament 3. Supraspinous ligament
30
The atlantoaxial ligament is an extension of:
The anterior longitudinal ligament
31
The anterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C2 Y = Sacrum
32
The posterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C2 Y = Sacrum
33
The anterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)
Extension
34
The posterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)
Flexion Also directs ruptured disc injury post-laterally
35
The Tectorial membrane is an extension of:
The posterior longitudinal ligament
36
The supraspinous ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C7 Y = Sacrum
37
The supraspinous ligament attaches to the (X) of vertebrae
Tips of spinous processes
38
The ligaments that attach to the bodies of the vertebrae are:
1. Posterior longitudinal ligament 2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
39
The ligaments that attach to the arches of the vertebrae are:
1. Supraspinous ligament 2. Ligamentum flavum 3. Interspinous 4. Intertransverse
40
Ligament connecting tips of spinous processes from skull to C7
Ligamentum nuchae
41
Ligamentum flavum has a (X) color. This is because..
X = Yellow Elastin fibers
42
Ligamentum flavum protects against which movement?
Rotation
43
Ligamentum flavum connects adjacent vertebrae by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Lamina
44
The interspinous ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Spinous process
45
The intertransverse ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Transverse process
46
The intertransverse ligament protects against which movement?
Contralateral bending
47
The interspinous ligament protects against which movement?
Flexion
48
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Thoracic
Horizontal plane
49
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Cervical
Horizontal plane
50
A ____ view of vertebra from which region?
Lateral; Cervical
51
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Lumbar
Horizontal
52
A ____ view of vertebra from which region?
Lateral; Lumbar
53
Have fun labeling this....
a) Pedicle
b) Lamina
c) Spinous Process
d) Transverse Process
e) Vertebral Foramen
f) Superior Articular Process
g) Inferior Articular Process
h) Arch
i) Body
54
Highlighted area is...
Root of Spine of Scapula
55
Highlighted area is...
Spine of Scapula
56
Highlighted area is...
Supraspinous Fossa
57
Highlighted area is...
Infraspinous Fossa
58
Highlighted area is...
Base of Scapula
59
Highlighted area is...
Acromion
60
Highlighted area is...
Glenoid Fossa
61
Highlighted area is...
What inserts here?
Supraglenoid Tubercle
The long head of biceps
62
Highlighted area is...
What inserts here?
Infraglenoid Tubercle
The long head of triceps
63
Highlighted area is...
This functions as the pathway for ___ nerve and ___ artery to ___ and ___ muscles.
Scapular Notch
(Suprascapular/Great Notch)
Suprascapular nerve; Suprascapular artery; Supraspinatus; Infraspinatus
64
Highlighted area is...
Neck of the Scapula
65
Highlighted area is...
Subscapular Fossa
66
Highlighted area is...
Coracoid Process
67
Highlighted area is...
Superior Angle of Scapula
68
Highlighted area is...
Inferior Angle of Scapula
69
Highlighted area is...
Vertebral Border
70
Highlighted area is...
Axillary Border
71
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Olecranon fossa
Olecranon process of Ulna
Elbow extension
72
Name highligted area
This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?
Trochlea
Articular; Ulna (notch)
73
Name highligted area
This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?
Capitulum
Articular; Radius (head)
74
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Coronoid fossa
Coronoid process of Ulna
Elbow flexion
75
Name highligted area
Medial supracondylar ridge
76
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Radial fossa
Head of Radius
Elbow flexion
77
Name highligted area
Medial Epicondyle
78
Name highlighted area
Lateral epicondyle
79
Name highligted area
Lateral supracondylar ridge
80
Name highlighted area.
What travels through here?
Spiral groove
1. The radial nerve
2. Brachial profunda artery
81
Name highligted area
What inserts here?
Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid muscle
82
Name highligted area
Surgical neck
83
Name highligted area
What travels through here?
Bicipital (Intertubercular) groove
Long head of biceps
84
Name highligted area
Lesser tubercle
85
Name highligted area
Greater tubercle
86
Name highligted area
Anatomical neck
87
Name highligted area
It articulates with...
Head of the Humerus
Into the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula
88
A(n) ___ view of the ___ bone.
Posterior; humerus
89
The superficial back muscles are involved primarily in which movements?
Upper extremity movements
90
Which muscles belong to the superficial layer of the superficial back?
Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi
91
Which muscles belong to the deep layer of the superficial back?
Levator scapulae and the Rhomboids (major, minor)
92
Muslces of the intermediate back are primarily involved in...
Respiration
93
Which muscles belong to the intermediate back?
Serratus posterior (superior and inferior)
94
The deep back muscles are primarily involved in which movements?
Posture; head and trunk movements
95
Swinging on crutches is an example of the (normal/reverse) action of which muscle?
reverse; Latissimus dorsi
96
The three groups of the deep back muscles are:
1. Superficial
2. Transversospinalis
3. Segmental
97
List the three groups of the deep back in order of increasing number of vertebrae crossed.
Segmental \< Transversospinalis \< Superficial
98
Name all the muscles that belong to the superficial group of the deep back.
Splenius (capitis and cervicis)
Erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
99
Spinalis is located in which region(s) of the spine? What about longissimus? Iliocostalis?
Spinalis: T, Ce, Ca
Longissimus: T, Ce, Ca
Iliocostalis: L, T, Ce
(Ce = Cervical, Ca = Capitis)
100
Muscle fibers in the superficial layer of the deep back travel in which direction? Which movement does this allow for?
Superolaterally; extension and lateral bending
101
Transversospinalis muscles of the deep back run from (transverse/spinous) processes to (transverse/spinous) processes.
transverse; spinous
102
List the muscles of the transversospinalis group of the deep back, along with their respective location in the spine.
1. Semispinalis (T, Ce, Ca)
2. Multifidus (L)
3. Rotatores (T)
103
How many vertebrae does Semispinalis cross? Multifidus? Rotatores?
Semispinalis: 4-6 vertebrae
Multifidus: 2-4 vertebrae
Rotatores: 1-2 vertebrae
104
Transversospinalis muscles travel in which direction? Which movement(s) does this allow for?
Superiomedially; extension (bilaterally) and contra-lateral rotation (unilaterally)
105
Deep back muscles of the segmental group, which form connections between (X), include:
X = Adjacent vertebrae;
1. Interspinales
2. Intertransversarii
106
Interspinales is found in which region of the spine? What about Intertransversarii?
Interspinales (Ce, L)
Intertransversarii (Ce, L)
107
Deep back muscle fibers of the Segmental group travel in which direction? Which movement(s) are made possible by these fibers?
Vertically;
Interspinales: extension
Intertransversarii: lateral bending
108
What's the bilateral action of splenius (capitus, cervicis)? The unilateral action?
Bilateral: extends head
Unilateral: laterally bends head
109
The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis originates from which section of the vertebrae? What about the posterior layer?
Anterior layer originates from transverse processes. Posterior layer originates from spinous processes.
110
The borders of the triangle of auscultation are:
Superior: trapezius
Lateral: medial border of scapula
Inferior: latissimus dorsi
111
In the triangle of auscultation, one listens to the (X) and (Y) between which two ribs?
X = heart; Y = lungs
Between ribs 6 and 7
