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GA Lecture NVB > Outline 4: Back/Posterior Shoulder > Flashcards

Outline 4: Back/Posterior Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

“Secondary” or (X) vertebral curves

A

X = “Lordotic”

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2
Q

The two primary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.

A

X = Thoracic Y = Sacral

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3
Q

The two secondary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.

A

X = Cervical Y= Lumbar

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4
Q

Lateral curves are present in..

A

Scoliosis

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5
Q

Part of vertebra that connects arch to body

A

Pedicle

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6
Q

Series of vertebral foramen

A

Vertebral canal

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7
Q

Opening in vertebra, through which spinal cord passes

A

Vertebral foramen

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8
Q

“Primary” or (X) vertebral curves

A

X = “Kyphotic”

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9
Q

How many vertebral processes? How many articular processes?

A

3 vertebral processes 4 articular processes

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10
Q

The vertebral processes: name and respective number of each

A

2 Transverse processes 1 spinous process

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11
Q

The articular processes: name and respective number of each

A

2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular processes

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12
Q

Spinal nerves exiting laterally from spinal cord pass through which openings in vertebral column?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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13
Q

Transverse foramen are found in vertebrae of which section of vertebral column?

A

Cervical

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14
Q

Which vertebrae usually have a bifid spinous process?

A

Cervical

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15
Q

Which vertebrae have long, sloping spinous process?

A

Thoracic

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16
Q

(X) vertebrae have (Y) facets for articulation with the ribs.

A

X = Thoracic Y = Costal

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17
Q

Joints between vertebral bodies are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?

A

Synarthroses Symphysis joints

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18
Q

Joints between vertebral arches are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?

A

Diarthroses Plane Joints

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19
Q

The two parts of the intervertebral discs are termed:

A
  1. Annulus fibrosus 2. Nucleus pulposus
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20
Q

The (X) of the intervertebral disc is thicker in the (anterior/posterior) part of joint.

A

X = Annulus fibrosus Anterior

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21
Q

Ruptured discs typically occur in which direction? Why?

A

Post-laterally Thicker annulus fibrosus anteriorally; also posterior long ligament protects against purely posterior tear

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22
Q

Vertebral column movements include

A
  1. Rotation 2. Flexion/extension 3. Lateral bending
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23
Q

Describe rotation in different parts of vertebral column.

A

Decreases as move down column

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24
Q

Flexion/extension of vertebral column is greatest in which regions?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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25
Q

Lateral bending is generally (small/large) in vertebral column. Where is it the smallest? Why?

A

Small Thorax (Thoracic vertebrae) Limited by ribcage

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26
Q

There are (X) intersegmental and (Y) intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column.

A

X = 3 Y = 3

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27
Q

The intersegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:

A

Many vertebrae (run entire vertical length of column)

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28
Q

The intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:

A

Adjacent vertebrae

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29
Q

The intersegmental ligaments of the vertebral column are:

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal ligament 2. Posterior longitudinal ligament 3. Supraspinous ligament
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30
Q

The atlantoaxial ligament is an extension of:

A

The anterior longitudinal ligament

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31
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)

A

X = C2 Y = Sacrum

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32
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)

A

X = C2 Y = Sacrum

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33
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)

A

Extension

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34
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)

A

Flexion Also directs ruptured disc injury post-laterally

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35
Q

The Tectorial membrane is an extension of:

A

The posterior longitudinal ligament

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36
Q

The supraspinous ligament runs from (X) to (Y)

A

X = C7 Y = Sacrum

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37
Q

The supraspinous ligament attaches to the (X) of vertebrae

A

Tips of spinous processes

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38
Q

The ligaments that attach to the bodies of the vertebrae are:

A
  1. Posterior longitudinal ligament 2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
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39
Q

The ligaments that attach to the arches of the vertebrae are:

A
  1. Supraspinous ligament 2. Ligamentum flavum 3. Interspinous 4. Intertransverse
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40
Q

Ligament connecting tips of spinous processes from skull to C7

A

Ligamentum nuchae

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41
Q

Ligamentum flavum has a (X) color. This is because..

A

X = Yellow Elastin fibers

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42
Q

Ligamentum flavum protects against which movement?

A

Rotation

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43
Q

Ligamentum flavum connects adjacent vertebrae by attaching to which part of the vertebra?

A

Lamina

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44
Q

The interspinous ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?

A

Spinous process

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45
Q

The intertransverse ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?

A

Transverse process

46
Q

The intertransverse ligament protects against which movement?

A

Contralateral bending

47
Q

The interspinous ligament protects against which movement?

A

Flexion

48
Q

Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?

A

Thoracic

Horizontal plane

49
Q

Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?

A

Cervical

Horizontal plane

50
Q

A ____ view of vertebra from which region?

A

Lateral; Cervical

51
Q

Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?

A

Lumbar

Horizontal

52
Q

A ____ view of vertebra from which region?

A

Lateral; Lumbar

53
Q

Have fun labeling this….

A

a) Pedicle
b) Lamina
c) Spinous Process
d) Transverse Process
e) Vertebral Foramen
f) Superior Articular Process
g) Inferior Articular Process
h) Arch
i) Body

54
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Root of Spine of Scapula

55
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Spine of Scapula

56
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Supraspinous Fossa

57
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Infraspinous Fossa

58
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Base of Scapula

59
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Acromion

60
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Glenoid Fossa

61
Q

Highlighted area is…

What inserts here?

A

Supraglenoid Tubercle

The long head of biceps

62
Q

Highlighted area is…

What inserts here?

A

Infraglenoid Tubercle

The long head of triceps

63
Q

Highlighted area is…

This functions as the pathway for ___ nerve and ___ artery to ___ and ___ muscles.

A

Scapular Notch

(Suprascapular/Great Notch)

Suprascapular nerve; Suprascapular artery; Supraspinatus; Infraspinatus

64
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Neck of the Scapula

65
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Subscapular Fossa

66
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Coracoid Process

67
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Superior Angle of Scapula

68
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Inferior Angle of Scapula

69
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Vertebral Border

70
Q

Highlighted area is…

A

Axillary Border

71
Q

Name highligted area

What fits here?

During which movement?

A

Olecranon fossa

Olecranon process of Ulna

Elbow extension

72
Q

Name highligted area

This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?

A

Trochlea

Articular; Ulna (notch)

73
Q

Name highligted area

This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?

A

Capitulum

Articular; Radius (head)

74
Q

Name highligted area

What fits here?

During which movement?

A

Coronoid fossa

Coronoid process of Ulna

Elbow flexion

75
Q

Name highligted area

A

Medial supracondylar ridge

76
Q

Name highligted area

What fits here?

During which movement?

A

Radial fossa

Head of Radius

Elbow flexion

77
Q

Name highligted area

A

Medial Epicondyle

78
Q

Name highlighted area

A

Lateral epicondyle

79
Q

Name highligted area

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

80
Q

Name highlighted area.

What travels through here?

A

Spiral groove

  1. The radial nerve
  2. Brachial profunda artery
81
Q

Name highligted area

What inserts here?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid muscle

82
Q

Name highligted area

A

Surgical neck

83
Q

Name highligted area

What travels through here?

A

Bicipital (Intertubercular) groove

Long head of biceps

84
Q

Name highligted area

A

Lesser tubercle

85
Q

Name highligted area

A

Greater tubercle

86
Q

Name highligted area

A

Anatomical neck

87
Q

Name highligted area

It articulates with…

A

Head of the Humerus

Into the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula

88
Q

A(n) ___ view of the ___ bone.

A

Posterior; humerus

89
Q

The superficial back muscles are involved primarily in which movements?

A

Upper extremity movements

90
Q

Which muscles belong to the superficial layer of the superficial back?

A

Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi

91
Q

Which muscles belong to the deep layer of the superficial back?

A

Levator scapulae and the Rhomboids (major, minor)

92
Q

Muslces of the intermediate back are primarily involved in…

A

Respiration

93
Q

Which muscles belong to the intermediate back?

A

Serratus posterior (superior and inferior)

94
Q

The deep back muscles are primarily involved in which movements?

A

Posture; head and trunk movements

95
Q

Swinging on crutches is an example of the (normal/reverse) action of which muscle?

A

reverse; Latissimus dorsi

96
Q

The three groups of the deep back muscles are:

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Transversospinalis
  3. Segmental
97
Q

List the three groups of the deep back in order of increasing number of vertebrae crossed.

A

Segmental < Transversospinalis < Superficial

98
Q

Name all the muscles that belong to the superficial group of the deep back.

A

Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

Erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

99
Q

Spinalis is located in which region(s) of the spine? What about longissimus? Iliocostalis?

A

Spinalis: T, Ce, Ca

Longissimus: T, Ce, Ca

Iliocostalis: L, T, Ce

(Ce = Cervical, Ca = Capitis)

100
Q

Muscle fibers in the superficial layer of the deep back travel in which direction? Which movement does this allow for?

A

Superolaterally; extension and lateral bending

101
Q

Transversospinalis muscles of the deep back run from (transverse/spinous) processes to (transverse/spinous) processes.

A

transverse; spinous

102
Q

List the muscles of the transversospinalis group of the deep back, along with their respective location in the spine.

A
  1. Semispinalis (T, Ce, Ca)
  2. Multifidus (L)
  3. Rotatores (T)
103
Q

How many vertebrae does Semispinalis cross? Multifidus? Rotatores?

A

Semispinalis: 4-6 vertebrae

Multifidus: 2-4 vertebrae

Rotatores: 1-2 vertebrae

104
Q

Transversospinalis muscles travel in which direction? Which movement(s) does this allow for?

A

Superiomedially; extension (bilaterally) and contra-lateral rotation (unilaterally)

105
Q

Deep back muscles of the segmental group, which form connections between (X), include:

A

X = Adjacent vertebrae;

  1. Interspinales
  2. Intertransversarii
106
Q

Interspinales is found in which region of the spine? What about Intertransversarii?

A

Interspinales (Ce, L)

Intertransversarii (Ce, L)

107
Q

Deep back muscle fibers of the Segmental group travel in which direction? Which movement(s) are made possible by these fibers?

A

Vertically;

Interspinales: extension

Intertransversarii: lateral bending

108
Q

What’s the bilateral action of splenius (capitus, cervicis)? The unilateral action?

A

Bilateral: extends head

Unilateral: laterally bends head

109
Q

The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis originates from which section of the vertebrae? What about the posterior layer?

A

Anterior layer originates from transverse processes. Posterior layer originates from spinous processes.

110
Q

The borders of the triangle of auscultation are:

A

Superior: trapezius

Lateral: medial border of scapula

Inferior: latissimus dorsi

111
Q

In the triangle of auscultation, one listens to the (X) and (Y) between which two ribs?

A

X = heart; Y = lungs

Between ribs 6 and 7

GA Lecture NVB (12 decks)

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