Outline 4: Back/Posterior Shoulder Flashcards
“Secondary” or (X) vertebral curves
X = “Lordotic”
The two primary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.
X = Thoracic Y = Sacral
The two secondary vertebral curves are in the (X) and (Y) regions of the vertebrae.
X = Cervical Y= Lumbar
Lateral curves are present in..
Scoliosis
Part of vertebra that connects arch to body
Pedicle
Series of vertebral foramen
Vertebral canal
Opening in vertebra, through which spinal cord passes
Vertebral foramen
“Primary” or (X) vertebral curves
X = “Kyphotic”
How many vertebral processes? How many articular processes?
3 vertebral processes 4 articular processes
The vertebral processes: name and respective number of each
2 Transverse processes 1 spinous process
The articular processes: name and respective number of each
2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular processes
Spinal nerves exiting laterally from spinal cord pass through which openings in vertebral column?
Intervertebral foramen
Transverse foramen are found in vertebrae of which section of vertebral column?
Cervical
Which vertebrae usually have a bifid spinous process?
Cervical
Which vertebrae have long, sloping spinous process?
Thoracic
(X) vertebrae have (Y) facets for articulation with the ribs.
X = Thoracic Y = Costal
Joints between vertebral bodies are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?
Synarthroses Symphysis joints
Joints between vertebral arches are (synarthroses/diarthroses). Specifically, what kind?
Diarthroses Plane Joints
The two parts of the intervertebral discs are termed:
- Annulus fibrosus 2. Nucleus pulposus
The (X) of the intervertebral disc is thicker in the (anterior/posterior) part of joint.
X = Annulus fibrosus Anterior
Ruptured discs typically occur in which direction? Why?
Post-laterally Thicker annulus fibrosus anteriorally; also posterior long ligament protects against purely posterior tear
Vertebral column movements include
- Rotation 2. Flexion/extension 3. Lateral bending
Describe rotation in different parts of vertebral column.
Decreases as move down column
Flexion/extension of vertebral column is greatest in which regions?
Cervical and lumbar
Lateral bending is generally (small/large) in vertebral column. Where is it the smallest? Why?
Small Thorax (Thoracic vertebrae) Limited by ribcage
There are (X) intersegmental and (Y) intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column.
X = 3 Y = 3
The intersegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:
Many vertebrae (run entire vertical length of column)
The intrasegmental ligaments in vertebral column connect:
Adjacent vertebrae
The intersegmental ligaments of the vertebral column are:
- Anterior longitudinal ligament 2. Posterior longitudinal ligament 3. Supraspinous ligament
The atlantoaxial ligament is an extension of:
The anterior longitudinal ligament
The anterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C2 Y = Sacrum
The posterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C2 Y = Sacrum
The anterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)
Extension
The posterior longitudinal ligament protects against (flexion/extension/rotation/other)
Flexion Also directs ruptured disc injury post-laterally
The Tectorial membrane is an extension of:
The posterior longitudinal ligament
The supraspinous ligament runs from (X) to (Y)
X = C7 Y = Sacrum
The supraspinous ligament attaches to the (X) of vertebrae
Tips of spinous processes
The ligaments that attach to the bodies of the vertebrae are:
- Posterior longitudinal ligament 2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
The ligaments that attach to the arches of the vertebrae are:
- Supraspinous ligament 2. Ligamentum flavum 3. Interspinous 4. Intertransverse
Ligament connecting tips of spinous processes from skull to C7
Ligamentum nuchae
Ligamentum flavum has a (X) color. This is because..
X = Yellow Elastin fibers
Ligamentum flavum protects against which movement?
Rotation
Ligamentum flavum connects adjacent vertebrae by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Lamina
The interspinous ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Spinous process
The intertransverse ligament stabilizes the vertebral column by attaching to which part of the vertebra?
Transverse process
The intertransverse ligament protects against which movement?
Contralateral bending
The interspinous ligament protects against which movement?
Flexion
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Thoracic
Horizontal plane
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Cervical
Horizontal plane
A ____ view of vertebra from which region?
Lateral; Cervical
Vertebra from which region?
Cut from which plane?
Lumbar
Horizontal
A ____ view of vertebra from which region?
Lateral; Lumbar
Have fun labeling this….
a) Pedicle
b) Lamina
c) Spinous Process
d) Transverse Process
e) Vertebral Foramen
f) Superior Articular Process
g) Inferior Articular Process
h) Arch
i) Body
Highlighted area is…
Root of Spine of Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Spine of Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Supraspinous Fossa
Highlighted area is…
Infraspinous Fossa
Highlighted area is…
Base of Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Acromion
Highlighted area is…
Glenoid Fossa
Highlighted area is…
What inserts here?
Supraglenoid Tubercle
The long head of biceps
Highlighted area is…
What inserts here?
Infraglenoid Tubercle
The long head of triceps
Highlighted area is…
This functions as the pathway for ___ nerve and ___ artery to ___ and ___ muscles.
Scapular Notch
(Suprascapular/Great Notch)
Suprascapular nerve; Suprascapular artery; Supraspinatus; Infraspinatus
Highlighted area is…
Neck of the Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Subscapular Fossa
Highlighted area is…
Coracoid Process
Highlighted area is…
Superior Angle of Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Inferior Angle of Scapula
Highlighted area is…
Vertebral Border
Highlighted area is…
Axillary Border
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Olecranon fossa
Olecranon process of Ulna
Elbow extension
Name highligted area
This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?
Trochlea
Articular; Ulna (notch)
Name highligted area
This is a(n) ____ surface for which bone?
Capitulum
Articular; Radius (head)
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Coronoid fossa
Coronoid process of Ulna
Elbow flexion
Name highligted area
Medial supracondylar ridge
Name highligted area
What fits here?
During which movement?
Radial fossa
Head of Radius
Elbow flexion
Name highligted area
Medial Epicondyle
Name highlighted area
Lateral epicondyle
Name highligted area
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Name highlighted area.
What travels through here?
Spiral groove
- The radial nerve
- Brachial profunda artery
Name highligted area
What inserts here?
Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid muscle
Name highligted area
Surgical neck
Name highligted area
What travels through here?
Bicipital (Intertubercular) groove
Long head of biceps
Name highligted area
Lesser tubercle
Name highligted area
Greater tubercle
Name highligted area
Anatomical neck
Name highligted area
It articulates with…
Head of the Humerus
Into the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula
A(n) ___ view of the ___ bone.
Posterior; humerus
The superficial back muscles are involved primarily in which movements?
Upper extremity movements
Which muscles belong to the superficial layer of the superficial back?
Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi
Which muscles belong to the deep layer of the superficial back?
Levator scapulae and the Rhomboids (major, minor)
Muslces of the intermediate back are primarily involved in…
Respiration
Which muscles belong to the intermediate back?
Serratus posterior (superior and inferior)
The deep back muscles are primarily involved in which movements?
Posture; head and trunk movements
Swinging on crutches is an example of the (normal/reverse) action of which muscle?
reverse; Latissimus dorsi
The three groups of the deep back muscles are:
- Superficial
- Transversospinalis
- Segmental
List the three groups of the deep back in order of increasing number of vertebrae crossed.
Segmental < Transversospinalis < Superficial
Name all the muscles that belong to the superficial group of the deep back.
Splenius (capitis and cervicis)
Erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Spinalis is located in which region(s) of the spine? What about longissimus? Iliocostalis?
Spinalis: T, Ce, Ca
Longissimus: T, Ce, Ca
Iliocostalis: L, T, Ce
(Ce = Cervical, Ca = Capitis)
Muscle fibers in the superficial layer of the deep back travel in which direction? Which movement does this allow for?
Superolaterally; extension and lateral bending
Transversospinalis muscles of the deep back run from (transverse/spinous) processes to (transverse/spinous) processes.
transverse; spinous
List the muscles of the transversospinalis group of the deep back, along with their respective location in the spine.
- Semispinalis (T, Ce, Ca)
- Multifidus (L)
- Rotatores (T)
How many vertebrae does Semispinalis cross? Multifidus? Rotatores?
Semispinalis: 4-6 vertebrae
Multifidus: 2-4 vertebrae
Rotatores: 1-2 vertebrae
Transversospinalis muscles travel in which direction? Which movement(s) does this allow for?
Superiomedially; extension (bilaterally) and contra-lateral rotation (unilaterally)
Deep back muscles of the segmental group, which form connections between (X), include:
X = Adjacent vertebrae;
- Interspinales
- Intertransversarii
Interspinales is found in which region of the spine? What about Intertransversarii?
Interspinales (Ce, L)
Intertransversarii (Ce, L)
Deep back muscle fibers of the Segmental group travel in which direction? Which movement(s) are made possible by these fibers?
Vertically;
Interspinales: extension
Intertransversarii: lateral bending
What’s the bilateral action of splenius (capitus, cervicis)? The unilateral action?
Bilateral: extends head
Unilateral: laterally bends head
The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis originates from which section of the vertebrae? What about the posterior layer?
Anterior layer originates from transverse processes. Posterior layer originates from spinous processes.
The borders of the triangle of auscultation are:
Superior: trapezius
Lateral: medial border of scapula
Inferior: latissimus dorsi
In the triangle of auscultation, one listens to the (X) and (Y) between which two ribs?
X = heart; Y = lungs
Between ribs 6 and 7
