Outline 1: Connective Tissue Flashcards
Connective tissue consists of:
- Cells (similar in all connective tissues)
2. Matrix (different among connective tissues)
The matrix of connective tissue consists of:
Ground substance and fibers
Name the types of fibers found in connective tissues.
Collagen and elastin
Elastin fibers are (branched/parallel). Collagen fibers are (branched/parallel).
Branched; parallel
Describe the ground substance found in proper connective tissue. In cartilage? In bone?
Proper connective tissue: thin gel
Cartilage: firm gel
Bone: impregnated with inorganic salts
Name the types of connective tissue.
Proper and specialized
How does specialized connective tissue differ from proper connective tissue?
Specialized is solid
Specialized connective tissue resists (X).
X = pull (tension) and pressure (compression)
What are the types of proper connective tissue?
Dense and loose
Function(s) of loose connective tissue.
Connects (does not support)
Superficial fascia is specifically which type of connective tissue? And deep fascia?
Superficial: loose, proper
Deep: dense, proper
Tendons and ligaments are, respectively, which type(s) of connective tissue?
Both are dense, proper connective tissue
Fascia functions to store (X). What are additional functions?
Stores: Water and fat
Also: mechanically protects against blows, serves as pathway for nerves/blood vessels into/out of muscles
Functions of connective tissue:
- Connect, protect, support body organs
2. Store energy reserves as fat
Which type of connective tissue insulates?
Superficial fascia
(X) fascia blends with (Y) to connect to bone.
X = deep Y = periosteum
Septa is a example of which type of connective tissue?
Deep fascia
Septa is located in (X) and functions to…
X = limbs
Functions to separate anterior (flexor) muscles from posterior (extensor) muscles
Internal fascia connects (X) and (Y) to (Z).
X = pleura Y = peritoneum Z = body wall
Ligaments connect…
Bone to bone
Tendons connect…
Muscle to bone
Fibers are more parallel in tendons or ligaments?
Tendons
A layered sheet-like connective tissue that functions as a flattened (wide) tendon.
Aponeurosis
Connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid.
Bursae
Bursae specific function:
Reduce friction; protects tendons from friction between bone, ligaments, or tendons
Bursa-like structure that envelops entire tendon.
Tendon sheath
Tendon sheaths are prominent in which part of the body?
The hand
What are the types of specialized connective tissue?
Cartilage and bone
In cartilage, what are the specific cells that make up the matrix?
Chondrocytes
What are the different types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
Function(s) of hyaline cartilage. Where is this type of cartilage found?
Reduce friction;
Found on articular surfaces. Specifically, end of long bones, trachea, anterior ends of ribs
Fibrocartilage functions primarily as (X). Where is it found?
X = a shock absorber
Found in knee joint, intervertebral discs
How does elastic cartilage differ from other cartilage types? Where is it found?
Elastin, not collagen, fibers.
Found in external ear, distal nose, and ligamentum flavum
The largest number of (X) cells (for repair of bone fractures) are found where?
X = Osteogenic
Periosteum
A skeleton has how many bones?
206
Is bone living or dead? What’s it supplied with?
Living tissue; blood, lymph, nerve supply
The two main components of bone are:
Cortex (dense) and Spongy (callous)
The Cortex of bone gets its blood supply from:
Periosteal arteries
The Spongy part of bone gets its blood supply from:
Nutrient artery
6-8 hours after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?
Fracture hematoma; the reactive stage
3 weeks after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?
Fibrocartilaginous callus; repairative stage
3-4 months after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?
Bony callus; repairative stage
What’re the functions of bone?
- Protection
- Structure
- Movement
- Blood
- Mineral storage
What are the two ways to classify bones?
- By shape
2. Axial versus Appendicular
List the categories of “bone shapes”. Provide an example of each.
- Long (humerus)
- Short (carpal bones)
- Irregular (vertebrae)
- Sesamoid (knee cap)
- Flat (skull)
Axial bones include:
Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column
Appendicular bones include:
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, pelvic girdle, upper/lower limbs
Another term for “the hip bone”:
Os coxae
