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GA Lecture NVB > Outline 1: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Outline 1: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue consists of:

A
  1. Cells (similar in all connective tissues)

2. Matrix (different among connective tissues)

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2
Q

The matrix of connective tissue consists of:

A

Ground substance and fibers

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3
Q

Name the types of fibers found in connective tissues.

A

Collagen and elastin

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4
Q

Elastin fibers are (branched/parallel). Collagen fibers are (branched/parallel).

A

Branched; parallel

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5
Q

Describe the ground substance found in proper connective tissue. In cartilage? In bone?

A

Proper connective tissue: thin gel
Cartilage: firm gel
Bone: impregnated with inorganic salts

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6
Q

Name the types of connective tissue.

A

Proper and specialized

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7
Q

How does specialized connective tissue differ from proper connective tissue?

A

Specialized is solid

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8
Q

Specialized connective tissue resists (X).

A

X = pull (tension) and pressure (compression)

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9
Q

What are the types of proper connective tissue?

A

Dense and loose

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10
Q

Function(s) of loose connective tissue.

A

Connects (does not support)

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11
Q

Superficial fascia is specifically which type of connective tissue? And deep fascia?

A

Superficial: loose, proper
Deep: dense, proper

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12
Q

Tendons and ligaments are, respectively, which type(s) of connective tissue?

A

Both are dense, proper connective tissue

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13
Q

Fascia functions to store (X). What are additional functions?

A

Stores: Water and fat
Also: mechanically protects against blows, serves as pathway for nerves/blood vessels into/out of muscles

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14
Q

Functions of connective tissue:

A
  1. Connect, protect, support body organs

2. Store energy reserves as fat

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15
Q

Which type of connective tissue insulates?

A

Superficial fascia

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16
Q

(X) fascia blends with (Y) to connect to bone.

A 
X = deep
Y = periosteum
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17
Q

Septa is a example of which type of connective tissue?

A

Deep fascia

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18
Q

Septa is located in (X) and functions to…

A

X = limbs

Functions to separate anterior (flexor) muscles from posterior (extensor) muscles

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19
Q

Internal fascia connects (X) and (Y) to (Z).

A 
X = pleura
Y = peritoneum
Z = body wall
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20
Q

Ligaments connect…

A

Bone to bone

21
Q

Tendons connect…

A

Muscle to bone

22
Q

Fibers are more parallel in tendons or ligaments?

A

Tendons

23
Q

A layered sheet-like connective tissue that functions as a flattened (wide) tendon.

A

Aponeurosis

24
Q

Connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid.

A

Bursae

25
Q

Bursae specific function:

A

Reduce friction; protects tendons from friction between bone, ligaments, or tendons

26
Q

Bursa-like structure that envelops entire tendon.

A

Tendon sheath

27
Q

Tendon sheaths are prominent in which part of the body?

A

The hand

28
Q

What are the types of specialized connective tissue?

A

Cartilage and bone

29
Q

In cartilage, what are the specific cells that make up the matrix?

A

Chondrocytes

30
Q

What are the different types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

31
Q

Function(s) of hyaline cartilage. Where is this type of cartilage found?

A

Reduce friction;

Found on articular surfaces. Specifically, end of long bones, trachea, anterior ends of ribs

32
Q

Fibrocartilage functions primarily as (X). Where is it found?

A

X = a shock absorber

Found in knee joint, intervertebral discs

33
Q

How does elastic cartilage differ from other cartilage types? Where is it found?

A

Elastin, not collagen, fibers.

Found in external ear, distal nose, and ligamentum flavum

34
Q

The largest number of (X) cells (for repair of bone fractures) are found where?

A

X = Osteogenic

Periosteum

35
Q

A skeleton has how many bones?

A

206

36
Q

Is bone living or dead? What’s it supplied with?

A

Living tissue; blood, lymph, nerve supply

37
Q

The two main components of bone are:

A

Cortex (dense) and Spongy (callous)

38
Q

The Cortex of bone gets its blood supply from:

A

Periosteal arteries

39
Q

The Spongy part of bone gets its blood supply from:

A

Nutrient artery

40
Q

6-8 hours after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

A

Fracture hematoma; the reactive stage

41
Q

3 weeks after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus; repairative stage

42
Q

3-4 months after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

A

Bony callus; repairative stage

43
Q

What’re the functions of bone?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Structure
  3. Movement
  4. Blood
  5. Mineral storage
44
Q

What are the two ways to classify bones?

A
  1. By shape

2. Axial versus Appendicular

45
Q

List the categories of “bone shapes”. Provide an example of each.

A
  1. Long (humerus)
  2. Short (carpal bones)
  3. Irregular (vertebrae)
  4. Sesamoid (knee cap)
  5. Flat (skull)
46
Q

Axial bones include:

A

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column

47
Q

Appendicular bones include:

A

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, pelvic girdle, upper/lower limbs

48
Q

Another term for “the hip bone”:

A

Os coxae

GA Lecture NVB (12 decks)

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