Outline 1: Connective Tissue Flashcards by Nuna H

Connective tissue consists of:

Cells (similar in all connective tissues)

2. Matrix (different among connective tissues)

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The matrix of connective tissue consists of:

Ground substance and fibers

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Name the types of fibers found in connective tissues.

Collagen and elastin

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Elastin fibers are (branched/parallel). Collagen fibers are (branched/parallel).

Branched; parallel

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Describe the ground substance found in proper connective tissue. In cartilage? In bone?

Proper connective tissue: thin gel
Cartilage: firm gel
Bone: impregnated with inorganic salts

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Name the types of connective tissue.

Proper and specialized

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How does specialized connective tissue differ from proper connective tissue?

Specialized is solid

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Specialized connective tissue resists (X).

X = pull (tension) and pressure (compression)

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What are the types of proper connective tissue?

Dense and loose

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Function(s) of loose connective tissue.

Connects (does not support)

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Superficial fascia is specifically which type of connective tissue? And deep fascia?

Superficial: loose, proper
Deep: dense, proper

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Tendons and ligaments are, respectively, which type(s) of connective tissue?

Both are dense, proper connective tissue

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Fascia functions to store (X). What are additional functions?

Stores: Water and fat
Also: mechanically protects against blows, serves as pathway for nerves/blood vessels into/out of muscles

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Functions of connective tissue:

Connect, protect, support body organs

2. Store energy reserves as fat

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Which type of connective tissue insulates?

Superficial fascia

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(X) fascia blends with (Y) to connect to bone.

X = deep
Y = periosteum

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Septa is a example of which type of connective tissue?

Deep fascia

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Septa is located in (X) and functions to…

X = limbs

Functions to separate anterior (flexor) muscles from posterior (extensor) muscles

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Internal fascia connects (X) and (Y) to (Z).

X = pleura
Y = peritoneum
Z = body wall

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Ligaments connect…

Bone to bone

Tendons connect…

Muscle to bone

Fibers are more parallel in tendons or ligaments?

Tendons

A layered sheet-like connective tissue that functions as a flattened (wide) tendon.

Aponeurosis

Connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid.

Bursae

Bursae specific function:

Reduce friction; protects tendons from friction between bone, ligaments, or tendons

Bursa-like structure that envelops entire tendon.

Tendon sheath

Tendon sheaths are prominent in which part of the body?

The hand

What are the types of specialized connective tissue?

Cartilage and bone

In cartilage, what are the specific cells that make up the matrix?

Chondrocytes

What are the different types of cartilage?

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Function(s) of hyaline cartilage. Where is this type of cartilage found?

Reduce friction; | Found on articular surfaces. Specifically, end of long bones, trachea, anterior ends of ribs

Fibrocartilage functions primarily as (X). Where is it found?

X = a shock absorber Found in knee joint, intervertebral discs

How does elastic cartilage differ from other cartilage types? Where is it found?

Elastin, not collagen, fibers. Found in external ear, distal nose, and ligamentum flavum

The largest number of (X) cells (for repair of bone fractures) are found where?

X = Osteogenic Periosteum

A skeleton has how many bones?

206

Is bone living or dead? What's it supplied with?

Living tissue; blood, lymph, nerve supply

The two main components of bone are:

Cortex (dense) and Spongy (callous)

The Cortex of bone gets its blood supply from:

Periosteal arteries

The Spongy part of bone gets its blood supply from:

Nutrient artery

6-8 hours after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

Fracture hematoma; the reactive stage

3 weeks after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

Fibrocartilaginous callus; repairative stage

3-4 months after bone fracture, what forms? What stage is this?

Bony callus; repairative stage

What're the functions of bone?

1. Protection 2. Structure 3. Movement 4. Blood 5. Mineral storage

What are the two ways to classify bones?

1. By shape | 2. Axial versus Appendicular

List the categories of "bone shapes". Provide an example of each.

1. Long (humerus) 2. Short (carpal bones) 3. Irregular (vertebrae) 4. Sesamoid (knee cap) 5. Flat (skull)

Axial bones include:

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column

Appendicular bones include:

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, pelvic girdle, upper/lower limbs

Another term for "the hip bone":

Os coxae