outline 14: Hip,glut,fem triangle, thigh

Question 1

At the very tip of the head of the femur is the (X). Is this the attachment site for anything?

Answer 1

X = Fovea

Yes - ligamentum teres

Question 2

T/F: a cross-section of the femur would look round, similar to that of the humerus.

Answer 2

False - pointy projection (linea aspera) on femur cross-section

Question 3

The greater trochanter is distinctly (medial/lateral).

Answer 3

Lateral

Question 4

The trochanteric fossa of the femur is an attachment site for which group(s) of muscles?

Answer 4

Many hip rotators

Question 5

The patella articulates on the (X) of the (anterior/posterior) femur.

Answer 5

X = patellar surface

Anterior

Question 6

The femoral angle of inclination is between (X) and (Y). It’s typically (Z) degrees.

Answer 6

X = the neck
Y = the shaft
Z = 125

Question 7

The femoral angle of the shaft is between (X) and (Y). It’s typically (Z) degrees.

Answer 7

X = the vertical
Y = the shaft
Z = 10

Question 8

The femoral angle of torsion is between (X) and (Y). It’s typically (Z) degrees.

Answer 8

X = the neck
Y = the frontal plane
Z = 12

Question 9

Femoral fractures can occur in which locations?

Answer 9

1. Neck
2. Below the trochanters
3. Near the condyles

Question 10

A elderly lady walks in with a hip fracture. You notice that one leg appears shorter than the other. Because you’re so smart and took/aced gross anatomy, you suspect the fracture is located (X) because….

Answer 10

X = Below the trochanters

Muscles spasm (due to the break) and pull up on the proximal segment

Question 11

A femoral fracture located (X) would be similar to fractures found in the humerus.

Answer 11

X = near the condyles

Question 12

Which type of femoral fracture can lead to damage to the (X) artery, which is a continuation of the femoral artery.

Answer 12

X = Popliteal

A fracture near the condyles

Question 13

Superficial fascia in the gluteal region is essentially:

Answer 13

fat deposits

Question 14

What’s the deep fascia in the gluteal region?

Answer 14

1. Fascia lata

2. Iliotibial tract/band (a specialization of fascia lata)

Question 15

What are the cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region?

Answer 15

1. Cluneal
2. Subcostal
3. Iliohypogastric

Question 16

The cluneal nerve is (muscular/cutaneous) to the (X) region. It comes from the (anterior/posterior) rami of:

Answer 16

Cutaneous
X = gluteal
Posterior rami of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

Question 17

The short lateral hip rotators are (superficial/deep) to gluteus maximus.

Answer 17

Deep

Question 18

T/F: Gluteus maximus is a hip abductor.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

T/F: Obturator externus is a lateral hip rotator that resides in the adductor compartment.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Superior and inferior gemellus are what kind of muscles?

Answer 20

Short lateral hip rotators

Question 21

Tensor fascia lata, with the help of the (X) muscle, does what to the knee?

Answer 21

X = gluteus maximus

Stabilizes the extended knee

Question 22

The pendulum test is a direct test for (X) muscle(s), which makes it an indirect test for (Y) nerve(s).

Answer 22

X = gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Y = superior gluteal nerve

Question 23

The pelvic tilt is a (normal/reverse) action for:

Answer 23

reverse; gluteus medius and minimus

Question 24

Superior gemellus travels from the (X) to the (Y).

Answer 24

X = ischial spine
Y = trochanteric fossa

Question 25

Inferior gemellus travels from (X) to (Y).

Answer 25

``` X = the ischial tuberosity Y = the trochanteric fossa ```

Question 26

T/F: The hip joint is the second-most joint affected by disease.

Answer 26

False - it's the joint most affected by disease

Question 27

List all possible movements at the hip joint.

Answer 27

1. Flex/extend 2. Abd/Add 3. Med/Lat rotation 4. Circumduction

Question 28

Flexion at the hip joint is limited to about (X) degrees. Extension is limited to about (Y) degrees.

Answer 28

``` X = 100 Y = 5 ```

Question 29

What limits hip flexion?

Answer 29

Length of hamstring

Question 30

What limits hip extension?

Answer 30

A close-packed iliofemoral ligament

Question 31

Hip abduction/adduction is limited by:

Answer 31

muscle length

Question 32

One can get good med/lat rotation at the hip if the hip is:

Answer 32

flexed

Question 33

The intertrochanteric line is on the (anterior/posterior) femur. Is the intertrochanteric crest on the same side?

Answer 33

Anterior; no, crest is posterior

Question 34

The quadrate tubercle is on the (anterior/posterior) femur.

Answer 34

Posterior

Question 35

The gluteus (X) muscle attaches to (Y) on the (anterior/posterior) femur.

Answer 35

``` X = Maximus Y = gluteal tuberosity ``` Posterior

Question 36

The adductor tubercle, an attachment site for (X), is toward the (proximal/distal) end of the femur.

Answer 36

X = adductor Magnus (posterior/extensor head) Distal

Question 37

What factors increase hip joint stability?

Answer 37

1. Shape of articulating surfaces 2. Joint capsule 3. Acetabular labrum 4. Ligaments

Question 38

Gap in labrum is called:

Answer 38

Acetabular notch

Question 39

Joint capsule in hip joint connects (X) to (Y).

Answer 39

X = intertrochanteric line and crest and trochanters of femur Y = acetabular labrum

Question 40

Name the hip joint ligaments:

Answer 40

1. Iliofemoral 2. Ischiofemoral 3. Pubofemoral

Question 41

The Y ligament of Bigelow is the:

Answer 41

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 42

The iliofemoral ligament connects:

Answer 42

AIIS to intertrochanteric line

Question 43

The pubofemoral ligament connects:

Answer 43

The pubic rim of acetabulum to the intertrochanteric line

Question 44

The ischiofemoral ligament connects:

Answer 44

The ischial tim of acetabulum to the trochanteric fossa

Question 45

Which ligament(s) in hip joint protect(s) in extension

Answer 45

All three (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral)

Question 46

Which ligament(s) in hip joint protect(s) in abduction

Answer 46

Ischiofemoral and pubofemoral

Question 47

Ligamentum Teres connects:

Answer 47

Acetabular notch to the fovea of the femural head

Question 48

Which ligament spans the acetabular notch?

Answer 48

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 49

Nerve supply to hip joint:

Answer 49

Lumbar plexus (Obturator and femoral nerves) and sacral plexus (gluteal nerves)

Question 50

Blood supply to hip joint:

Answer 50

Medial circumflex femoral, Obturator, and gluteal arteries

Question 51

Superior border of femoral triangle:

Answer 51

Inguinal ligament

Question 52

Lateral border of femoral triangle:

Answer 52

Sartorius

Question 53

Medial border of femoral triangle:

Answer 53

Adductor longus

Question 54

Lateral floor of femoral triangle:

Answer 54

Iliosoas

Question 55

Medial floor of femoral triangle:

Answer 55

Pectineus

Question 56

Roof of femoral triangle:

Answer 56

Skin, superficial and deep fascia

Question 57

Contents of femoral triangle (from medial to lateral):

Answer 57

Lymph, empty space, femoral vein, artery, nerve

Question 58

In the femoral triangle, the (X) branches right away.

Answer 58

X = femoral nerve

Question 59

Does the femoral artery give off branches in the femoral triangle?

Answer 59

Yes - femoral profunda artery

Question 60

(X) fascia extends into the femoral triangle, becoming what's called the (Y).

Answer 60

``` X = transversalis Y = femoral sheath ```

Question 61

How many compartments in the femoral sheath? Name them.

Answer 61

3; lateral, intermediate, medial

Question 62

The femoral canal is which compartment of the femoral sheath?

Answer 62

Medial

Question 63

Femoral artery is in which compartment of femoral sheath?

Answer 63

Lateral

Question 64

Femoral nerve is in which compartment of femoral sheath?

Answer 64

None

Question 65

Femoral vein is in which compartment of femoral sheath?

Answer 65

Intermediate

Question 66

Femoral canal contents:

Answer 66

Empty space and lymph

Question 67

Proximal end of femoral canal is formally termed:

Answer 67

Femoral ring

Question 68

Describe a femoral hernia.

Answer 68

Abdominal contents pass through femoral ring and canal

Question 69

T/F: femoral hernias are very rare, but are equally common in men and women.

Answer 69

False - occur more often in women

Question 70

Contents of adductor canal:

Answer 70

1. Femoral artery 2. Femoral vein 3. Saphenous nerve 4. Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 71

What are the types of thigh fascia?

Answer 71

1. Superficial 2. Deep 3. Intermuscular septa

Question 72

Deep fascia in the thigh includes:

Answer 72

Fascia lata and IT band

Question 73

Intermuscular septa can be further categorized into:

Answer 73

Medial and lateral septa

Question 74

The quadriceps tendon is formed by:

Answer 74

Tendons of the 4 quad muscles

Question 75

What are the four quad muscles?

Answer 75

1. Rectus femoris 2. Vastus lateralis 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus intermedius

Question 76

Which quad muscle(s) cross(es) the hip joint?

Answer 76

Rectus femoris only

Question 77

The patellar ligament is essentially (X), extending from (Y) to (Z).

Answer 77

``` X = the quad tendon Y = the patella Z = the tibial tuberosity ```

Question 78

Articularis genu is in which compartment of thigh?

Answer 78

Anterior

Question 79

Articularis genu is (X) and inserts onto (Y).

Answer 79

X = a subset of vastus intermedius fibers Y = joint capsule

Question 80

The tailor muscle.

Answer 80

Sartorius

Question 81

The (X) ligament in the posterior compartment of thigh is derived from the (Y) tendon and functions to:

Answer 81

``` X = oblique popliteal Y = semimembranosus ``` Reinforces knee joint posteriorly

Question 82

T/F: all posterior compartment muscles cross the knee.

Answer 82

False - adductor Magnus (extensor head) does not

Question 83

T/F: all posterior compartment muscles attach to ischial tuberosity.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

Generally, the adductor muscles in the thigh extend from (X) to (Y).

Answer 84

``` X = pubis Y = linea alba ```

Question 85

The best flexor muscle in the adductor group of muscles is:

Answer 85

Pectineus

Question 86

The most superficial muscle(s) in the adductor group is/are:

Answer 86

Pectineus and adductor longus

Question 87

The adductor hiatus is between:

Answer 87

The two heads of adductor magnus

Question 88

The (X) ligament has contributions from the tendon of adductor magnus.

Answer 88

X = tibial collateral