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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > OTHER BLOOD GROUPS PART 1 > Flashcards

OTHER BLOOD GROUPS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT number of lewis blood group system

A

ISBT 007

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2
Q

Lewis gene (Le) codes for the production of ___ enzyme.

A

fucosyltransferase

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3
Q

lewis gene codes for a specific glycosyltransferase, a-4-L
fucosyltransferase, which transfers L-fucose to ________ precursor oligosaccharide on glycoprotein or glycolipid structures.

A

type 1 chain (type 1 precursor)

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4
Q

Erythrocytes acquire the Lewis phenotype by adsorbing Lewis
substances from the ___, rather than membrane bound antigens.

A

plasma

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5
Q

the mechanism of lewis blood group system is associated with the ____ of type 1 precursor chain

A

sphingolipids

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6
Q

Lewis blood group system has a competition for the same precursor chain with ___

A

abo blood group system

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7
Q

the precursor material of ABH antigen under this would be the
___

A

paragloboside

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8
Q

it expresses the ABH substances within secretions such as the saliva

A

H antigen

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9
Q

The inheritance of the Le gene acts in competition with ABO genes,
adding L-fucose to the GIcNAc sugar of the common precursor
structure manufactured by tissue cells. The structure that we are
referring with would be the __.

A

Lea soluble antigen

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10
Q

provide specificity to
the cell once it is expressed

A

immunodominant sugar

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11
Q

Lewis antigen is also found on other tissues, such as the ___

A

pancreas, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle, renal cortex, and adrenal glands

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12
Q

Le phenotype in which the lea substances is expressed regardless of the secretor status of the individual

A

Le (a+b-)

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13
Q

All Le phenotypic individuals are nonsecretors of ABH substance

A

(a+b-)

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

the genetically independent Sese, ABO, Hh, lewis gene are intimately associated in the formation of the Leb
antigen.

A

Le (a-b+) phenotype

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16
Q

If the patient has the Lewis gene and secretor gene, the patient automatically has what Le phenotype

A

Le (a-b+) phenotype

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17
Q

The phenotype Le ______ is the result of the genetic interaction
of Lele and Sese genes.

A

(a-b+)

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18
Q

this Le phenotype is the Point of mutation only.

A

Le (a-b-)

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19
Q

Results in point mutation of Le gene, rather than absence of
the Le gene.

A

Le (a-b-) phenotype

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20
Q

the mutation or the Le (a-b-) phenotype give rise to ____

A

nonfunctional or partially active lewis transferase causing the negative expression of the lewis antigen on the RBCs

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21
Q

Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

true or false

A

true

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22
Q

since the Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

what will be the component of the secretions of Le a-b- secretor

A

expresses H type 1 substances plus ABH antigens associated with the related ABO genes inherited

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23
Q

since the Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

what will be the component of the secretions of Le a-b- non-secretor

A

express type 1 precursor

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24
Q

L fucose act as an immunodominant sugar for lewis blood group. Aside from it, it can be ____

A

catalyzed by lewis enzyme

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25
Q

what will happen if the fucose is catalyzed by the lewis enzyme

A

1 carbon of the L fucose will be attached to the number 4 of the GlcNAc sugar

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26
Q

If we’re speaking about the Se gene, the L fucose will be attached to ____ onced catalyzed

A

2nd carbon of the B galactose

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27
Q

In plasma, there are no detectable lewis glycosphingolipids at birth,

which means the Le phenotype from cord blood and RBCs from newborn infants is ___

A

Le (a-b-)

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28
Q

progress of LE phenotype of infants that inherit LE and Se genes

A

Le (a-b-)

after 10 days, Le (a+b-)

after 6-7 years, Le (a-b+)

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29
Q

progress of LE phenotype of infants that inherit LE and se genes

A

Le (a-b-)

after 10 days, Le (a+b-)

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30
Q

the peak production of lewis gene in an individual is at what ages

A

6-7 years old

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31
Q

what happen to Lewis antigens during pregnancy

A

A decrease in expression of Lewis antigens has been demonstrated
on RBCs from many pregnant woman, resulting in Le (a-b-)
phenotypes during gestation.

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32
Q

are lewis antigens reversibly adsorbed onto red cells from plasma?

A

yes, reversibly

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33
Q

lewis glycolipids are detectable in plasma after approx how many days of life

A

10 days of life

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34
Q

lewis dosage or antigens do not show up in serologic reactions

t or f

A

true

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35
Q

four blood groups that exhibit dosages in serologic reaction

A

Rh, Kidd, Duffy, and MNSs.

36
Q

are lewis antibodies naturally occuring?

A

yes

37
Q

antibody nature of lewis antibody

A

IgM

38
Q

since the lewis antibodies are IgM in nature, it means they have the ability to activate the complement, which in turn as well can cause ____ hemolysis

A

invitro and invivo hemolysis

39
Q

Lewis Antibodies’ reactivity is enhanced when treated with ___

A

proteolytic enzymes

40
Q

proteolytic enzyme can inactivate these select antigen antibody reactions

A

duffy
mns
xgs

41
Q

The blood group that is not affected by proteolytic enzymes would be __

A

Kell

42
Q

lewis antibodies can cause hemolysis in ___

A

invivo

43
Q

Most commonly encountered antibody of the Lewis system

A

anti Le a

44
Q

The Le a antibody is frequently detected with _____ at
room temperature.

A

saline-suspended cells

45
Q

the Le antibodies that will show up in coomb’s test in 36 degrees

A

IgG

46
Q

the Le antibodies that will show up in coomb’s test inafter immediate spin is

A

IgM - clinically not significant

47
Q

anti Le a or the antibody for Lea substances is neutralized by

A

plasma or saliva that contains lea substance

48
Q

an antibody that is not common and not as strong as anti-Le a

A

anti-Le b

49
Q

anti-Le b is what antibody in nature

A

IgM

50
Q

anti-Le b is usually produced by what phenotype

A

Le (a-b-)

51
Q

anti-Le b is occasionally produced by

A

Le (a+b-)

52
Q

are there some cases of hemolytic transfusion reaction reported by anti-le a?

A

yes

53
Q

cases of (in vitro, invivo) rbc destruction are seen due to anti-Le b

A

in vivo

54
Q

Generally, Lewis antibodies are considered INSIGNIFICANT in blood
transfusion practices.

true or false

A

true

55
Q

what are the blood groups that are fully developed at birth

A

MNSs, kell, kidd, duffy

56
Q

factors contributing to clinical insignificance of lewis antibodies

A

neutralization of lewis antibodies by lewis substances present in the plasma
loss of red cell lewis antigen into the plasma
lack of reactivity at 17*C and antihuman globulin phase
generally, IgM nature and incapable of crossing placenta
lewis antigens poorly developed in newborn infants

57
Q

MNS blood group ISBT number

A

ISBT 002

58
Q

MNS blood group system is discovered by

A

landsteiner and levine in 1927

59
Q

landsteiner and levin in 1927 discovered MNS blood group system by using what animal and what are they doing to it?

A

immunizing rabbits with human RBC

60
Q

Data from family studies suggested that M and N and were ____ antigens.

A

antithetical

61
Q

they discovered the S antigen that appeared genetically linked to M and N antigen

A

walsh and montgomery - 1947

62
Q

what is the antithetical partner of S antigen

A

s antigen - discovered 1951

63
Q

this is a term to describe a
pair of genes that are coded by different alleles of a single
gene.

A

antithetical partner or antigen

64
Q

the capital S and small s antigen is mainly discovered on what year

A

1951

65
Q

in what year do U antigen is discovered

A

1953 by Wiener

66
Q

M and N antigen

Found on a well-characterized glycoprotein known as ___

A

Glycoprotein A GPA

67
Q

In some books, the M and N antigen is found in ___

A

glycophorin

68
Q

why in some books do M and N antigen are found in glycophorin

A

because technically, it is a composition of the RBC membrane-bound structure

69
Q

The location of M and N is in line with the outer end of the __

A

GPA

70
Q

M and N antigen is Found on RBCs BUT NOT in

A

platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and
granulocytes

71
Q

is MN antigen

Easily destroyed or removed/inactivated by proteolytic enzymes.

A

yes

72
Q

M and N antigens differ on the __ and___ amino acids

A

1st and 5th

73
Q

the first position of the M antigen in amino acid is in

A

associated with serine and in 5th position - Glycine

74
Q

the first position of the N antigen in amino acid is in

A

on 5th position - glutamic acid

75
Q

do M and N antigens shows dosage in serologic reactions?

A

yes po

76
Q

If the M and N antigen is found in GPA, where can we found the S and s antigen

A

Glycoprotein b

77
Q

Located on smaller glycoprotein called GPB (Glycophorin B)

A

S and s antigens

78
Q

S and s are differentiated by the amino acids at position ___ on GPB.

A

29

79
Q

On the 29 position of glycophorin B,
S has ___ whereas s has ___.

A

S has methionine whereas s has threonine.

80
Q

Is S and s antihgen Well developed at birth as well?

A

yes

81
Q

can S and s antigen be Destroyed or removed/inactivated by proteolytic enzymes

A

yes

82
Q

U antigen is discovered by

A

wiener

83
Q

U antigen is located on

A

GPB

84
Q

U antigen is Found on RBCs of all individuals except about _____ percent of American
blacks (and ____ percent of African blacks)

A

1

1 to 35

85
Q
A
86
Q
A

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (14 decks)

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