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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > OTHER BLOOD GROUPS PART 1 > Flashcards

OTHER BLOOD GROUPS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT number of lewis blood group system

A

ISBT 007

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2
Q

Lewis gene (Le) codes for the production of ___ enzyme.

A

fucosyltransferase

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3
Q

lewis gene codes for a specific glycosyltransferase, a-4-L
fucosyltransferase, which transfers L-fucose to ________ precursor oligosaccharide on glycoprotein or glycolipid structures.

A

type 1 chain (type 1 precursor)

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4
Q

Erythrocytes acquire the Lewis phenotype by adsorbing Lewis
substances from the ___, rather than membrane bound antigens.

A

plasma

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5
Q

the mechanism of lewis blood group system is associated with the ____ of type 1 precursor chain

A

sphingolipids

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6
Q

Lewis blood group system has a competition for the same precursor chain with ___

A

abo blood group system

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7
Q

the precursor material of ABH antigen under this would be the
___

A

paragloboside

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8
Q

it expresses the ABH substances within secretions such as the saliva

A

H antigen

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9
Q

The inheritance of the Le gene acts in competition with ABO genes,
adding L-fucose to the GIcNAc sugar of the common precursor
structure manufactured by tissue cells. The structure that we are
referring with would be the __.

A

Lea soluble antigen

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10
Q

provide specificity to
the cell once it is expressed

A

immunodominant sugar

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11
Q

Lewis antigen is also found on other tissues, such as the ___

A

pancreas, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle, renal cortex, and adrenal glands

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12
Q

Le phenotype in which the lea substances is expressed regardless of the secretor status of the individual

A

Le (a+b-)

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13
Q

All Le phenotypic individuals are nonsecretors of ABH substance

A

(a+b-)

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

the genetically independent Sese, ABO, Hh, lewis gene are intimately associated in the formation of the Leb
antigen.

A

Le (a-b+) phenotype

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16
Q

If the patient has the Lewis gene and secretor gene, the patient automatically has what Le phenotype

A

Le (a-b+) phenotype

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17
Q

The phenotype Le ______ is the result of the genetic interaction
of Lele and Sese genes.

A

(a-b+)

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18
Q

this Le phenotype is the Point of mutation only.

A

Le (a-b-)

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19
Q

Results in point mutation of Le gene, rather than absence of
the Le gene.

A

Le (a-b-) phenotype

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20
Q

the mutation or the Le (a-b-) phenotype give rise to ____

A

nonfunctional or partially active lewis transferase causing the negative expression of the lewis antigen on the RBCs

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21
Q

Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

true or false

A

true

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22
Q

since the Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

what will be the component of the secretions of Le a-b- secretor

A

expresses H type 1 substances plus ABH antigens associated with the related ABO genes inherited

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23
Q

since the Presence of substances in secretions will depend on the
secretor status of the individual.

what will be the component of the secretions of Le a-b- non-secretor

A

express type 1 precursor

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24
Q

L fucose act as an immunodominant sugar for lewis blood group. Aside from it, it can be ____

A

catalyzed by lewis enzyme

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25
what will happen if the fucose is catalyzed by the lewis enzyme
1 carbon of the L fucose will be attached to the number 4 of the GlcNAc sugar
26
If we're speaking about the Se gene, the L fucose will be attached to ____ onced catalyzed
2nd carbon of the B galactose
27
In plasma, there are no detectable lewis glycosphingolipids at birth, which means the Le phenotype from cord blood and RBCs from newborn infants is ___
Le (a-b-)
28
progress of LE phenotype of infants that inherit LE and Se genes
Le (a-b-) after 10 days, Le (a+b-) after 6-7 years, Le (a-b+)
29
progress of LE phenotype of infants that inherit LE and se genes
Le (a-b-) after 10 days, Le (a+b-)
30
the peak production of lewis gene in an individual is at what ages
6-7 years old
31
what happen to Lewis antigens during pregnancy
A decrease in expression of Lewis antigens has been demonstrated on RBCs from many pregnant woman, resulting in Le (a-b-) phenotypes during gestation.
32
are lewis antigens reversibly adsorbed onto red cells from plasma?
yes, reversibly
33
lewis glycolipids are detectable in plasma after approx how many days of life
10 days of life
34
lewis dosage or antigens do not show up in serologic reactions t or f
true
35
four blood groups that exhibit dosages in serologic reaction
Rh, Kidd, Duffy, and MNSs.
36
are lewis antibodies naturally occuring?
yes
37
antibody nature of lewis antibody
IgM
38
since the lewis antibodies are IgM in nature, it means they have the ability to activate the complement, which in turn as well can cause ____ hemolysis
invitro and invivo hemolysis
39
Lewis Antibodies' reactivity is enhanced when treated with ___
proteolytic enzymes
40
proteolytic enzyme can inactivate these select antigen antibody reactions
duffy mns xgs
41
The blood group that is not affected by proteolytic enzymes would be __
Kell
42
lewis antibodies can cause hemolysis in ___
invivo
43
Most commonly encountered antibody of the Lewis system
anti Le a
44
The Le a antibody is frequently detected with _____ at room temperature.
saline-suspended cells
45
the Le antibodies that will show up in coomb's test in 36 degrees
IgG
46
the Le antibodies that will show up in coomb's test inafter immediate spin is
IgM - clinically not significant
47
anti Le a or the antibody for Lea substances is neutralized by
plasma or saliva that contains lea substance
48
an antibody that is not common and not as strong as anti-Le a
anti-Le b
49
anti-Le b is what antibody in nature
IgM
50
anti-Le b is usually produced by what phenotype
Le (a-b-)
51
anti-Le b is occasionally produced by
Le (a+b-)
52
are there some cases of hemolytic transfusion reaction reported by anti-le a?
yes
53
cases of (in vitro, invivo) rbc destruction are seen due to anti-Le b
in vivo
54
Generally, Lewis antibodies are considered INSIGNIFICANT in blood transfusion practices. true or false
true
55
what are the blood groups that are fully developed at birth
MNSs, kell, kidd, duffy
56
factors contributing to clinical insignificance of lewis antibodies
neutralization of lewis antibodies by lewis substances present in the plasma loss of red cell lewis antigen into the plasma lack of reactivity at 17*C and antihuman globulin phase generally, IgM nature and incapable of crossing placenta lewis antigens poorly developed in newborn infants
57
MNS blood group ISBT number
ISBT 002
58
MNS blood group system is discovered by
landsteiner and levine in 1927
59
landsteiner and levin in 1927 discovered MNS blood group system by using what animal and what are they doing to it?
immunizing rabbits with human RBC
60
Data from family studies suggested that M and N and were ____ antigens.
antithetical
61
they discovered the S antigen that appeared genetically linked to M and N antigen
walsh and montgomery - 1947
62
what is the antithetical partner of S antigen
s antigen - discovered 1951
63
this is a term to describe a pair of genes that are coded by different alleles of a single gene.
antithetical partner or antigen
64
the capital S and small s antigen is mainly discovered on what year
1951
65
in what year do U antigen is discovered
1953 by Wiener
66
M and N antigen Found on a well-characterized glycoprotein known as ___
Glycoprotein A GPA
67
In some books, the M and N antigen is found in ___
glycophorin
68
why in some books do M and N antigen are found in glycophorin
because technically, it is a composition of the RBC membrane-bound structure
69
The location of M and N is in line with the outer end of the __
GPA
70
M and N antigen is Found on RBCs BUT NOT in
platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes
71
is MN antigen Easily destroyed or removed/inactivated by proteolytic enzymes.
yes
72
M and N antigens differ on the __ and___ amino acids
1st and 5th
73
the first position of the M antigen in amino acid is in
associated with serine and in 5th position - Glycine
74
the first position of the N antigen in amino acid is in
on 5th position - glutamic acid
75
do M and N antigens shows dosage in serologic reactions?
yes po
76
If the M and N antigen is found in GPA, where can we found the S and s antigen
Glycoprotein b
77
Located on smaller glycoprotein called GPB (Glycophorin B)
S and s antigens
78
S and s are differentiated by the amino acids at position ___ on GPB.
29
79
On the 29 position of glycophorin B, S has ___ whereas s has ___.
S has methionine whereas s has threonine.
80
Is S and s antihgen Well developed at birth as well?
yes
81
can S and s antigen be Destroyed or removed/inactivated by proteolytic enzymes
yes
82
U antigen is discovered by
wiener
83
U antigen is located on
GPB
84
U antigen is Found on RBCs of all individuals except about _____ percent of American blacks (and ____ percent of African blacks)
1 1 to 35
85
86

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (14 decks)

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