LAB - ABO BLOO DTYPING - FORWARD TYPING SLIDE METHOD Flashcards
what are we determining in abo forward blood typing?
antigen
he contributed in the Discovery of the first
human blood group
system
karl landsteiner
year when ABO
Discovered
1901
first to conduct reverse and forward typing
karl landsteiner
the first human blood group discovered
ABO blood group
year ___, the 4th blood group was been discovered
1902
on year 1902, they discovered the 4th blood group
Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli
3 phrases or components that determines THE LANDSTEINER LAW
- the antigen is present on the RBC surface and determines the blood group/type
2, the corresponding antibody is never found in the individual’s serum
- the opposite naturally occurring antibody is always present in the individual’s serum
blood group A’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is
antigen - A
antibody - anti-B
blood group B’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is
antigen - B
antibody - anti-A
blood group AB’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is
antigen - AB
antibody - none
blood group O’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is
antigen - none
antibody - anti A and anti B
in landsteiner law, we are determining ___ and can be observed in ___
naturally occuring antibodies in reverse typing
specimen used in forward blood typing
patient’s red cellsr
reagent used in forward blood typing
anti sera
Uses known sources of commercial
anti-sera (anti-A, anti-B) to detect
antigens on an patient’s RBC
forward blood typing
purpose of anti AB portion in forward blood typing serves as
control
what blood groups react in anti AB antisera
Blood, A, B, and AB
basically, all blood groups that has A and B antigen
can blood group O react in anti AB reagent in forward blood typing?
naur, walang A or B antigen ang blood group O
among the slide and tube method, which one is more preferred and considered as the standard when it comes to ABO typing
tube method
because, slide can only indicate strong and weak reaction.
a type of abo typing which can give us the degree of agglutination
tube method forward abo typing
the anti sera is one of the example of ___
monoclonal antibodies
blood group AB is ____ in nature
IgM
blood group O is ____ in nature
IgG
blood type is produced or expressed by
glycosyl transferases and immunodominant sugar
for specificity of the cell once it is expressed
immunodominant sugar
group discrepancy in forward typing
group 2
the least frequency encountered discrepancy in abo typing
group 2 as we rarely encounter problem in forward typing
ABO antigens
They can be demonstrated as early as
_____ of fetal life
second month
The _____ antigen appears to be weak at birth but at the age of one
year, agglutinogens reach final strength
A antigen
They persist throughout life analtered. However, abnormal
antigens may be found as acquired characteristics in _______
(weak A antigen) and _____ (abnormal secretion of ABH
substance)
leukemia; cancer
abo antigens are found in _____ aside from blood
They may be found in saliva, pancreatic secretions, gastric
secretions of people who are secretors.
can abo antigens may be found in bacteria and other species?
yess
abo antigens
They are present in some animals and plants as ______
lectins
_____ are plants or seed extracts diluted to agglutinate specific human blood group antigens:
Lectins
example of Lectins
Dolichos biflorus
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
Ulex europaeus
a lectin that agglutinates A1 or A1B cells (anti-A1 lectin)
Dolichos biflorus
a lectin that agglutinates B cells (anti-B lectin)
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
a lectin that agglutinates O cells (H specificity) and other
ABO blood groups depending on the amount of H antigen (antiH lectin
Ulex europaeu
Present in low titer or even absent in cases of
acquired and congenital ____
hypogammaglobulinemia and
agamma globulinemia
are we allowed to release a result of a forward typing of a newborn?
yes, but not the reverse as the titer of a newborn is weaker in reverse than the forward
is H antigen part of ABO system?
naur, H antigen is not part as it’s the precursor of A and B antigen
steps in abo forward typing slide method
prepare a slide (label anti A and anti B)
put 1 drop of anti sera in each label
put 1 drop of blood sample on each
mix the reagent and the blood using a clean applicator stick
tilt the slide and observe for agglutination reaction
read the result within 2 mnsare
are we allowed to read the result after 2 mns for abo forward slide typing?
nope
which comes first? the anti sera or the blood?
antisera first to avoid contamination of the blood sample
why are we not allowed release result beyond 2 mns?
can cause false result
