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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > LAB - ABO BLOO DTYPING - FORWARD TYPING SLIDE METHOD > Flashcards

LAB - ABO BLOO DTYPING - FORWARD TYPING SLIDE METHOD Flashcards

1
Q

what are we determining in abo forward blood typing?

A

antigen

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2
Q

he contributed in the Discovery of the first
human blood group
system

A

karl landsteiner

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3
Q

year when ABO
Discovered

A

1901

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4
Q

first to conduct reverse and forward typing

A

karl landsteiner

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5
Q

the first human blood group discovered

A

ABO blood group

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6
Q

year ___, the 4th blood group was been discovered

A

1902

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7
Q

on year 1902, they discovered the 4th blood group

A

Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli

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8
Q

3 phrases or components that determines THE LANDSTEINER LAW

A
  1. the antigen is present on the RBC surface and determines the blood group/type

2, the corresponding antibody is never found in the individual’s serum

  1. the opposite naturally occurring antibody is always present in the individual’s serum
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9
Q

blood group A’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

A

antigen - A
antibody - anti-B

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10
Q

blood group B’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

A

antigen - B
antibody - anti-A

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11
Q

blood group AB’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

A

antigen - AB
antibody - none

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12
Q

blood group O’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

A

antigen - none
antibody - anti A and anti B

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13
Q

in landsteiner law, we are determining ___ and can be observed in ___

A

naturally occuring antibodies in reverse typing

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14
Q

specimen used in forward blood typing

A

patient’s red cellsr

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15
Q

reagent used in forward blood typing

A

anti sera

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16
Q

Uses known sources of commercial
anti-sera (anti-A, anti-B) to detect
antigens on an patient’s RBC

A

forward blood typing

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17
Q

purpose of anti AB portion in forward blood typing serves as

A

control

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18
Q

what blood groups react in anti AB antisera

A

Blood, A, B, and AB

basically, all blood groups that has A and B antigen

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19
Q

can blood group O react in anti AB reagent in forward blood typing?

A

naur, walang A or B antigen ang blood group O

20
Q

among the slide and tube method, which one is more preferred and considered as the standard when it comes to ABO typing

A

tube method

because, slide can only indicate strong and weak reaction.

21
Q

a type of abo typing which can give us the degree of agglutination

A

tube method forward abo typing

22
Q

the anti sera is one of the example of ___

A

monoclonal antibodies

23
Q

blood group AB is ____ in nature

A

IgM

24
Q

blood group O is ____ in nature

A

IgG

25
Q

blood type is produced or expressed by

A

glycosyl transferases and immunodominant sugar

26
Q

for specificity of the cell once it is expressed

A

immunodominant sugar

27
Q

group discrepancy in forward typing

A

group 2

28
Q

the least frequency encountered discrepancy in abo typing

A

group 2 as we rarely encounter problem in forward typing

29
Q

ABO antigens

They can be demonstrated as early as
_____ of fetal life

A

second month

30
Q

The _____ antigen appears to be weak at birth but at the age of one
year, agglutinogens reach final strength

A

A antigen

31
Q

They persist throughout life analtered. However, abnormal
antigens may be found as acquired characteristics in _______
(weak A antigen) and _____ (abnormal secretion of ABH
substance)

A

leukemia; cancer

32
Q

abo antigens are found in _____ aside from blood

A

They may be found in saliva, pancreatic secretions, gastric
secretions of people who are secretors.

33
Q

can abo antigens may be found in bacteria and other species?

A

yess

34
Q

abo antigens

They are present in some animals and plants as ______

A

lectins

35
Q

_____ are plants or seed extracts diluted to agglutinate specific human blood group antigens:

A

Lectins

36
Q

example of Lectins

A

Dolichos biflorus
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
Ulex europaeus

37
Q

a lectin that agglutinates A1 or A1B cells (anti-A1 lectin)

A

Dolichos biflorus

38
Q

a lectin that agglutinates B cells (anti-B lectin)

A

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

39
Q

a lectin that agglutinates O cells (H specificity) and other
ABO blood groups depending on the amount of H antigen (antiH lectin

A

Ulex europaeu

40
Q

Present in low titer or even absent in cases of
acquired and congenital ____

A

hypogammaglobulinemia and
agamma globulinemia

41
Q

are we allowed to release a result of a forward typing of a newborn?

A

yes, but not the reverse as the titer of a newborn is weaker in reverse than the forward

42
Q

is H antigen part of ABO system?

A

naur, H antigen is not part as it’s the precursor of A and B antigen

43
Q

steps in abo forward typing slide method

A

prepare a slide (label anti A and anti B)

put 1 drop of anti sera in each label

put 1 drop of blood sample on each

mix the reagent and the blood using a clean applicator stick

tilt the slide and observe for agglutination reaction

read the result within 2 mnsare

44
Q

are we allowed to read the result after 2 mns for abo forward slide typing?

A

nope

45
Q

which comes first? the anti sera or the blood?

A

antisera first to avoid contamination of the blood sample

46
Q

why are we not allowed release result beyond 2 mns?

A

can cause false result

47
Q
A

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (7 decks)

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