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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > blood components > Flashcards

blood components Flashcards

1
Q

n conjunction in blood component preparation, this happens ___
hours after the donor bleeding

A

6-8

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2
Q

interval for allogenic blood donation

A

2 months

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3
Q

interval for apheresis

A

2 days

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4
Q

max donation of apheresis

A

2 times per week

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5
Q

do leukopheresis has definite time in terms of donation interval

A

no, so we follow plasmapheresis for it

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6
Q

is the collection of a specific blood component with the
interval of 48 hours, or 2 days

A

apheresis

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7
Q

needle angle for donor bleeding

A

45* angle and reduce to 10-20*

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8
Q

time allocation for donor bleeding

A

7-10 minutes and should be less than 15 mns

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9
Q

specific blood component that can’t be prepared if the donor bleeding is longer than fifteen mns

A

cryoprecipitate

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10
Q

blood bag content

A

citrate
dextrose/glucose
citric acid
phosphate buffer
adenine

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11
Q

increase citrate in blood bag will cause __

A

citrate toxicity resulting to hypocalcemia

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12
Q

blood bag content that serves as the anticoagulant

A

citrate

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13
Q

blood bag content that serves as the ATP source

A

dextrose/glucose

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14
Q

blood bag content that prevents caramelization

A

citric acid

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15
Q

additional source of ATP in blood bag

A

phosphate buffer

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16
Q

ADDITIONAL SOURCE FOR ATP PRODUCTION

A

ADENINE

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17
Q

helps in survival when it comes to blood bag contents

A

adenine

basta kapag namention survival adenine agad

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18
Q

preservatives we used in transfusion medicine

A

ACD
CPD
CP2D
CPDA1
CPDA2

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19
Q

blood bag shelf life depends on

A

preservatives

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20
Q

ACD shelf life

A

acid citrate dextrose - 21 days

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21
Q

CPD shelf life

A

citrate phosphate dextrose - 21 days

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22
Q

cp2d shelf life

A

citrate phosphate double dextrose - 21 days

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23
Q

CPDA-1 shelf life

A

citrate phosphate dextrose adenine 1 - 35 days

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24
Q

CPDA-2 shelf life

A

citrate phosphate dextrose adenine 2 - 42 days

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25
Q

the preservatives, ac, cpd, cp2d, cpda1, and cpda2 is intended for what blood components

A

whole blood and packed rbcs

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26
Q

additive solutions components

A

saline
adenine
glucose
mannitol

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27
Q

the must category in each blood component we are preserving is it must be in ___

A

closed system

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28
Q

purpose of additive solution

A

allows the longer storage of blood

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29
Q

manufacturers are able to extend the shelf life of blood component for 42 days, what are the additive solutions they created

A

adsol
nutricel
optisoln

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30
Q

adsol’s manufacturer

A

baxter healthcare

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31
Q

nutricel’s manufacturer

A

pall corporation

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32
Q

optisol’s manufcturer

A

terumo corporation

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33
Q

expired red cell are can be used again through

A

rejuvenation

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34
Q

the only blood or red cells we can rejuvenate are the rbc’s that are outdated for ___

A

fewer than 3 days

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35
Q

the only FDA approved rejuvenating solution

A

rejuvesol

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36
Q

other rejuvenating solution aside from rejuvesol

A

PIGPA and PIPA

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37
Q

PIGPA and PIPA is introduced by whom

A

valerie an coworkers

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38
Q

PIGPA means

A

phosphate
inosine
glucose
pyruvate
adenine

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39
Q

a component of rejuvenating solution that is removed

A

glucose

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40
Q

rejuvenated rbc is only useable for how many hrs

A

24 hrs

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41
Q

in terms of biochemical changes, we take note of what pattern

A

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

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42
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve normal characteristics/appearance

A

sigmoid shape

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43
Q

parameters or factors being affected in biochemical changes

A

decrease pH
decrease in glucose consumption
buildup of lactic acid
decrease in atp
reversible loss of rbc function

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44
Q

high partial pressure of oxygen in tissue is shift to the __

A

shift to the left

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45
Q

if the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue is low, it will be shift to the __

A

right

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46
Q

shift to the left changes in the parameters

A

decrease 2,3 dpg
decrease body temperature
decrease partial pressure of carbon dioxide
decrease partial pressure of oxygen
increase pH
increase hgb affinity

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47
Q

dpg means

A

diphosphoglycerate

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48
Q

shift to the right changes in the parameters

A

increase 2,3 dpg
increase body temp
increase partial pressure of carbon dioxide
increase partial pressure of oxygen
decrease pH
decrease hgb affinity

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49
Q

mechanism of biochemical changes in the parameters when it comes to whole blood storage

A

pH increase
atp decrease
2,3 dpg decrease
plasma hgb increase
plasma potassium increase
plasma sodium decrease

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50
Q

all blood components came from

A

single unit of whole blood

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51
Q

if the whole blood is for platelet manufacturing, the spin must be

A

soft and light spin

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52
Q

if the whole blood is NOT for platelet manufacturing, the spin must be

A

hard and heavy spin

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53
Q

rpm for light spin

A

3200 rpm 2-3 mns

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54
Q

RPM for heavy spin

A

3600 rpm for 5-7 minutes

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55
Q

blood component for light spin

A

red cells, platelet rich plasma,

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56
Q

relative centrifugal force for light spin

A

2000 g

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57
Q

relative centrifugal force for hard spin

A

5000g

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58
Q

blood products that undergoes hard spin

A

packed rbc, plt concentrate , cryoprecipitate

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59
Q

if we like to harvest rbc and platelets

A

five mns

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60
Q

if we like to harvest cryoprecipitate and platelets

A

7 mns

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61
Q

storage temperature for packed rbc

A

1-6 * C

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62
Q

standard volume for packed rbc is

A

200 ml

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63
Q

platelet rich plasma standard volume

A

250 ml

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64
Q

platelet poor plasma standard volume

A

200 ml

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65
Q

fresh frozen plasma standard volume

A

180-190 ml

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66
Q

cryoprecipitate standard volume

A

10-15 ml

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67
Q

2 ways on how to store fresh frozen plasma

A

-18C for 1 yr
-65C for 7 years

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68
Q

where do we get cryoprecipitate

A

fractionated from fresh frozen plasma

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69
Q

how to produce cryoprecipitate from FFP

A

hard spin FFP at 4*C and get the white precipitate

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70
Q

standard volume of cryoprecipitate from FFP

A

10-15 ml

71
Q

cryoprecipitate can be stored for about ___*C for about how many months

A

-18*C for 1 year/12 months

72
Q

a blood component or product given to patient to replace the massive blood loss and plasma volume

A

whole blood

73
Q

storage temp of whole blood

A

1-6*C

74
Q

transport temp of whole blood

A

1-10*C

75
Q

shelf life of whole blood

A

depends on the preservative

76
Q

in open system, whole blood’s shelf life is

A

24 hrs

77
Q

indication if the patient has acute blood loss is that if the ___ blood volume is loss

A

25%

78
Q

____ are indicated for increasing the RBC mass in patients who require increased oxygen carrying capacity

A

packed rbcs

79
Q

storage life of packed rbc

A

1-6*C

80
Q

each unit of transfused rbc is expected to increase hgb to about

A

1-1.5 g/dl

81
Q

if we are transfuring packed rbc the hematocrit must increase to

A

3-5% for 70.kg individual (154 pounds )

82
Q

the hct of our packed rbc must be

A

less than or equal to 80%

83
Q

leukocyte-reduced RBC is given to patients to reduce

A

febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions
transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
and transfusion-related immune supression

84
Q

the blood that must be given to TA GVHD must be

transfusion-associated- graft versus host disease

A

irradiated

85
Q

are responsible for alloimmunization

A

human leukocyte antigens

86
Q

leukocytes may harbor what viruses

A

cytomegalovirus
epstein barr virus
human immunodeficiency virus
human t lymphotropic virus

87
Q

leukocyte-reduced rbc storage temperature

A

1-6*C

88
Q

ideal sample of cytomegalovirus

A

blood

89
Q

the appearance of CMV in blood into a cytopathic effect in cell culture is __

A

owl’s eye appearance

90
Q

Reed Sternberg cell owl’s eye appearance is associated with
__.

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

91
Q

__ it is associated with infectious mononucleosis.

A

Estein-Barr Virus

92
Q

rbc volume of leukocyte-reduced rbc must be

A

2 X 10 ^9 per unit

93
Q

leukocyte volume of leukocyte-reduced rbc must be

A

5 X 10^9 per unit

94
Q

How can we prepare this Leukocyte-reduced RBCs?

A

Through filtration,
centrifugation, and saline washing.

95
Q

purpose of using washed RBC

A

removing plasma proteins which causes most of allergic reactions

are used for rare patients who has anti IgA antibodies because of IgA deficiencies

and to increase the RBC mass of symptomatic anemic patients with history of allergy, urticarial and anaphylactic reactions

96
Q

storage temp of washed RBCs

A

1-6*C

97
Q

if we used automatic cell washer for washed RBC will have a shelf life of

A

14 days

98
Q

how to use automated cell washer

A

there must be a removal of residual cell plasma,

we must remove less than 0.5 grams per residual unit of plasma

99
Q

what type of hypersensitivity are we talking about on the purpose of washed rbc

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

100
Q

in automatic cell washer we resuspending ___ ml of SAGM

A

100 ml of SAGM removing less than 0.5 grams of residual plasma

101
Q

allows the long-term storage of rare
blood donor units, autologous units, and units for special
purposes, such as intrauterine transfusion.

A

frozen RBCs

102
Q

cryoprotective agent is used in frozen rbc

A

glycerol

103
Q

most commonly used cryoprotective agent

A

glycerol

104
Q

glycerol is introduced by

A

audrey smith

105
Q

40% of glycerol, we are storing rbc in

A

-65*C

106
Q

20% of glycerol, we are storing rbc in

A

-120*C

107
Q

shelf life of frozen rbc

A

10 yrs

108
Q

the criteria we could use in freezing the rbc must be

A

6 days old

109
Q

the process of freezing the RBC is called as

A

glycerolization

110
Q

in agglomeration we must use

A

FEGG

fructose
edta
glycerol
glucose

111
Q

type of freezer we must used in 40% glycerol with -65*C is

A

mechanical freezer

112
Q

type of freezer used in -120*C or 20% glycerol is

A

liquid nitrogen

113
Q

if we are using the frozen rbcs, we must prepare it first by doing ___

A

deglycerolization

114
Q

criteria of the solution for deglycerolization

A

with decreasing osmolarity

115
Q

solutions used in deglycerolization with high glycerol

A

12% Nacl
1.6% Nacl
0.9% Nacl +
0.2% Dextrose

116
Q

solutions used in deglycerolization for low glycerol

A

45% NaCl + 15% mannitol
0.9% NaCl

117
Q

solutions used in deglycerolization for agglomeration

A

50% glucose +
5% fructose
0.9% NaCl

118
Q
A
119
Q

deglycerolized samples must be used within

A

24 hrs

120
Q

s are indicated for patients who
are bleeding because of thrombocytopenia or, in a few cases,
owing to abnormally functioning platelets.

A

platelet concentrates

121
Q

plt concentrates are provided to patients who have

A

thrombocytopenia
having chemotherapy for malignancy
DIC
massive transfusion

122
Q

DIC has how many plt

A

less than 50,000 u/l

123
Q

storage of plt concentrate must be

A

RT with continuous agitation

124
Q

shelf life of plt concentrate

A

5 days

125
Q

Bakit need i-agitate ang plt concentrate ?

A
  1. Facilitation of oxygen within the cell.
  2. To prevent platelet aggregation.
  3. Maintain pH
126
Q

how to extend plt concentrate’s shelf life

A

use Pan genera detection test for 7 days

127
Q

used to observe if the plt concentrate has bacteria already

A

pan genera detection test

128
Q

plt concentrate most bacteria contaminants

A

staphylococcus epidermidis
bacillus cereus

129
Q

plt concentrate that is from whole blood concentration is called

A

random donor platelet

130
Q

plt concentrate that is from apheresis

A

single donor platelet

131
Q

pH of plt concentrate

A

> or equal to 6.2

132
Q

plt concentration of random donor plt

A

5.5 X 10^10

133
Q

plt concentration of single donor plt

A

3 X 10^11

134
Q

this is the failure to respond on the particular
platelet transfusion. Hindi nagr-respond ang patient kahit sinalinan na
ng platelet

A

platelet refractoriness

135
Q

Paano malalaman if nagrespond na ang patient? It is within how many minutes

A

10 mns to 1 hr

136
Q

CCI formula

A

absolute plt increment X body surface are

divided by

number of plt transfused (10^11)

137
Q

how to fin dthe absolute plt increment

A

post transfusion plt count - pre transfusion plt count

138
Q

how to find the number of plt transfused

A

number of units of platelet given X the factor of 0.55

139
Q

manner of reporting or interpretation for CCI

A

good or bad incremement

139
Q
A
140
Q

CCI →

A

Corrected count increment

141
Q

good increment means

A

greater than 10,000

142
Q

blood component that is used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies occuring in patients with liver failure, DIC, vitamin K deficiency, warfarin overdose, or massive transfusion

A

FFP

143
Q

enumerate the conditions we used FFP to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies

A

DIC
liver disease
vitamin K deficiencies
warfarin overdose
massive overdose

144
Q

Vitamin K antagonist when it comes to coagulation factors:

A

coag factors IX, X, VII, II

145
Q

Warfarin overdose

A

coumadin, aspirin

146
Q

storage life of FFP

A

1 yr in -18*C

147
Q

-65*C of FFP has a shelf life of

A

7 yrs

148
Q

used primarily for fibrinogen replacement

A

cryoprecipitate

149
Q

cryoprecipitate is given to patients with

A

vWDs,
Hemophilia A,
factor XIII deficiency

150
Q

storage life of cryoprecipitate

A

-18*C for 1 yr

151
Q

cryoprecipitate must have ____ mg of fibrinogen for fibrinogen replacement

A

150mg

152
Q

cryoprecipitate must have ____ mg of factor VIII for FACTOR VIII replacement

A

80 units

153
Q

cryoprecipitate must have ____ mg of vWF for von willebrand replacement

A

80-100 units per bag

154
Q

cryoprecipitate must have ____ mg of factor XIII for factor XIII replacement

A

60 units per bag

155
Q

Cryoprecipitate after thawing must be administered with in how many hrs

A

6 hrs

156
Q

units of components per bag is based on what agency

A

NHSBT national health service blood and transplant

157
Q

scenario

physician requires, 6-8 units of cryoprecipitate to become 1 so we can open only 1 bag in all.

upon pooling, we must administer it for how many hrs

A

4 hrs

158
Q

Determining the desired number of Cryoprecipitate bags to be
transfused to patient with Factor VIII deficiency\

give the formula

A

of cryo bags =

desired level of factor Viii X plasma volume ml

divide them all by 80

159
Q

why is 80 used in the formula in determining the # of cryo bags for factor VIII deficiency

A

the required volume of factor VIII per unit of blood is 80 units (mg )

160
Q

Example

  • Desired level of Factor VIII: 70%
  • Patients’ plasma volume: 2,500mL
A

0.7 x 2,500/80 = 22 units

of cryoprecipitated blood sa patients with
Factor A deficiency.

161
Q

Granulocytes are occasionally needed as a
transfusion product for patients who are

A

severely neutropenic and have infections that are unresponsive to traditional therapy
Granulocyte dysfunction or myeloid hypoplasia

162
Q

storage life of granulopheressi

A

rt but 24 hrs duration

163
Q

used to stimulate neutrophil

A

corticosteroids

164
Q

3 special agents na ginagamit for granulopheresis:

A

Hydroxyethyl starch
Corticosteroids
GCSF (Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating factor.

165
Q

This product is used in the treatment of classic
hemophilia and hemophilia A and in persons deficient in factor
VIII.

A

Factor VIII concentrate

166
Q

storage life of Factor VIII concentrate

A

1-6 *

167
Q

Factor VIII concentrate STORGAE LIFE

A

depends on the manufacturer

168
Q

factor VIII concentrate we have is in what form

A

lyophilized/powder form

169
Q

forms of Factor IX Concentrate

A

prothrombin complex concentrates
Factor IX Concentrate
recombinant factor IX

170
Q

Prevent or control bleeding in patients with
Hemophilia B or with specific factor deficiencies.

A

Factor IX Concentrate

171
Q

shelf life of Factor IX Concentrate

A

depends on the manufacturer

172
Q
A

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (14 decks)

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