Other Antibiotics

Question 1

Macrolide

• Inhibit p450s–> drug interactions
• Drug of choice for campylobacter

Answer 1

Erythromycin

Question 2

Macrolide

-Inhibit p450s–> drug interactions

Answer 2

Tiamulin

Question 3

Macrolide

-Can cause cardiovascular toxicity in species other than cattle and swine

Answer 3

Tilmicosin

Question 4

Lincosamide

-Drug of choice for osteomyelitis

Answer 4

Clindamycin

Question 5

Lincosamide

-Used for pigs

Answer 5

Lincomycin

Question 6

Lincosamide

-Used as an udder infusion treatment for mastitis

Answer 6

Pirlimycin

Question 7

Nitrofuran

• Synthetic chemotherapeutic agents
  
  • Carcinogenic
    
    • Can’t be used in food animals
  • Broad spectrum
  • Inhibitory concentrations found only in urine
  • Cover gram negative best

Answer 7

Furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone

Question 8

Nitroimidazole

• Effective against all anaerobes and Giardia
• Bactericidal

• Resistance is rare

• Widely distributes to all tissues
• Carcinogenic and mutagenic
  
  • Don’t use in pregnant or food animals

Answer 8

Metronidazole

Question 9

Glycopeptide

• Gram positive bacteria, particularly cocci and MRSA/ MRSP
• Only give IV

• Excreted by glomerular filtration

• Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity at large doses or prolonged administration

• Time dependent

• Can’t be used for food animals

Answer 9

Vancomycin

Question 10

• Gram positive bacteria

• Not absorbed topically or orally

• Too nephrotoxic for systemic use

• Added to swine and poultry diets to prevent clostridium overgrowth

Answer 10

Bacitracin

Question 11

• Treat TB in humans
• Bactericidal
• Inhibits RNA polymerase

• Mycobacteria and gram positive

• Quickly develops resistance–> almost always used in combination with another drug
• Causes red orange coloration of urine

• Induces cytochrome p450s–> increases metabolism of some other drugs


Answer 11

Rifampin

Question 12

• Topical treatment of staph

- MRSA and MRSP typically susceptable

Answer 12

Mupirocin


Question 13

• Gram positive bacteria
• Protein synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits 23S rhibosomal subunit

• Most commonly used as growth promotant in pigs and chickens

Answer 13

Virginiamycin

Question 14

• Inhibits protein synthesis
• Binds 30S ribosomal subunit
• Lack of renal toxic effects

• Only used in food animal

Answer 14

Spectinomycin

Question 15

• Bacteriostatic or cidal depending on urine pH
  
  • Works better in more acidic urine
• Used to treat UTI
• Can’t be used with sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside doesn’t work well at acidic

Answer 15

Methanamine

Question 16

Ketolide

-Concentration dependent

Answer 16

Telithromycin