Antiparasitacides

Question 1

• Most effective and least toxic parasiticides
  
  • Receptors usually not in mammals
• Mechanisma of action = binds glutamate gated Cl- channels or GABA–> hyperpolarization of neurons– > flaccid paralysis

Answer 1

Macrocyclic lactones

• Avermectins
  
  • Ivermectin, Eprinomectin, Doramectin, Selamectin
• Milbemycins
  
  • Moxidectin, and Milbemycin
• Spinosyns
  
  • Spinosad, Spinoteram

Question 2

• White dewormers
• Generally low toxicity but a few are teratogenic
• Primarily for nematodes
• Disrupts metabolism of parasites

Answer 2

Benzimidazoles

• Albendazole: teratogenic
• Fenbendazole–> metabolized to oxbendazole
• Mebendazole
• Febantel–> fenbendazole–> oxfendazole

Question 3

• Primarily nemotodes

- Nicotinic agonist–> rigid paralysis

Answer 3

Tetrahydropyrimidines

• Pyrantel tartrate: Horses
• Pyrantel pamoate: Horses and small animal
• Morantel: Ruminants

Question 4

Binds to latrophilin like receptor–> releases inhibitory compounds–> flaccid paralysis
-Prevents locomotion and “swallowing”

Answer 4

Emodepside

Question 5

Simple heterocyclic compound

- OTC 
- Can cause impaction in horses with heavy infestations of ascarids(like all paralytics)

Answer 5

Piprazine

Question 6

Arsenical

• Adult dirofliaria immitis in dogs
• Rapidly absorbed after IM injection
• Hepato and nephro toxicities

Answer 6

Melarsomine dihydrochloride = immiticide

Question 7

• Very safe
• Used against tapeworms and tremetodes
• Causes contraction and paralysis of parasite, and vacuolization of integument–> decreased glucose intake and makes vulnerable to host digestion

Answer 7

Isoquinolones

• Epsiprantel: taenia and dipyllidium
• Praziquantel: taenia, dipyllidium, echinococcus, anoplocephela

Question 8

• Fasciola hepatica(liver fluke)
• Wide margin of safety
• Inhibits glycolytic pathway–> deprives fluke of energy
• Flukes are most susceptable 10-12 weeks after infection
  
  • Young flukes less susceptable, so are older ones which are more walled off by tissue

Answer 8

Benzene sulfonamide = Clorsulon

Question 9

Formamide

- Toxic to cats or murray grey cattle 
- Narrow margin of safety 
- Topical for Generalized demodex in Dogs 
- Collar for Ticks in Dogs 
- Spray/dip/topical
	- Cattle: ticks, mites, lice 
	- Swine: sarcoptes and sucking lice

Answer 9

Amitraz

Question 10

• Fleas and ticks

- Dogs and cats

Answer 10

Frontline = fipronil

Question 11

• Neonicatinoid
  
  • Fleas
  • Combined with flumethrin(pyrethroid) in a collar
    
    • Fleas, ticks, lice

Answer 11

Imidacloprid = advantage

Question 12

• Neonicatinoid

- Fleas

Answer 12

Dinotefuran and Nitenpyram

Question 13

-Must be metabolised by insect

Answer 13

Indoxacarb

Question 14

Isoxazoline insectacides

-Fleas, ticks

Answer 14

Afoxolaner and Fluralaner

Question 15

Insect growth regulator

-Juvenile hormone analog–> prevents larvae molting

Answer 15

Methoprene, pyripoxyfen, fenoxycarb

Question 16

Insect growth regulator

-Inhibits chitin synthesis–> can’t regulate body water–> death

Answer 16

Lufenuron