Antiparasitacides Flashcards
- Most effective and least toxic parasiticides
- Receptors usually not in mammals
- Mechanisma of action = binds glutamate gated Cl- channels or GABA–> hyperpolarization of neurons– > flaccid paralysis
Macrocyclic lactones
- Avermectins
- Ivermectin, Eprinomectin, Doramectin, Selamectin
- Milbemycins
- Moxidectin, and Milbemycin
- Spinosyns
- Spinosad, Spinoteram
- White dewormers
- Generally low toxicity but a few are teratogenic
- Primarily for nematodes
- Disrupts metabolism of parasites
Benzimidazoles
- Albendazole: teratogenic
- Fenbendazole–> metabolized to oxbendazole
- Mebendazole
- Febantel–> fenbendazole–> oxfendazole
- Primarily nemotodes
- Nicotinic agonist–> rigid paralysis
Tetrahydropyrimidines
- Pyrantel tartrate: Horses
- Pyrantel pamoate: Horses and small animal
- Morantel: Ruminants
Binds to latrophilin like receptor–> releases inhibitory compounds–> flaccid paralysis
-Prevents locomotion and “swallowing”
Emodepside
Simple heterocyclic compound
- OTC - Can cause impaction in horses with heavy infestations of ascarids(like all paralytics)
Piprazine
Arsenical
- Adult dirofliaria immitis in dogs
- Rapidly absorbed after IM injection
- Hepato and nephro toxicities
Melarsomine dihydrochloride = immiticide
- Very safe
- Used against tapeworms and tremetodes
- Causes contraction and paralysis of parasite, and vacuolization of integument–> decreased glucose intake and makes vulnerable to host digestion
Isoquinolones
- Epsiprantel: taenia and dipyllidium
- Praziquantel: taenia, dipyllidium, echinococcus, anoplocephela
- Fasciola hepatica(liver fluke)
- Wide margin of safety
- Inhibits glycolytic pathway–> deprives fluke of energy
- Flukes are most susceptable 10-12 weeks after infection
- Young flukes less susceptable, so are older ones which are more walled off by tissue
Benzene sulfonamide = Clorsulon
Formamide
- Toxic to cats or murray grey cattle - Narrow margin of safety - Topical for Generalized demodex in Dogs - Collar for Ticks in Dogs - Spray/dip/topical - Cattle: ticks, mites, lice - Swine: sarcoptes and sucking lice
Amitraz
- Fleas and ticks
- Dogs and cats
Frontline = fipronil
- Neonicatinoid
- Fleas
- Combined with flumethrin(pyrethroid) in a collar
- Fleas, ticks, lice
Imidacloprid = advantage
- Neonicatinoid
- Fleas
Dinotefuran and Nitenpyram
-Must be metabolised by insect
Indoxacarb
Isoxazoline insectacides
-Fleas, ticks
Afoxolaner and Fluralaner
Insect growth regulator
-Juvenile hormone analog–> prevents larvae molting
Methoprene, pyripoxyfen, fenoxycarb
Insect growth regulator
-Inhibits chitin synthesis–> can’t regulate body water–> death
Lufenuron
