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Musculoskeletal > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osetoporosis?

A

Low bone mineral density

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2
Q

What is primary osteoporosis?

A

Age-related

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3
Q

What is secondary osteoporosis?

A

Secondary to another condition/drugs

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4
Q

What does SHATTERED stand for?

A 
Steroid use
Hyperthyroidism/parathyroidism/calciuria
Alcohol and tobacco
Thin
Testosterone low
Early menopause
Renal or liver failure
Erosive/inflammatory bone disease
Dietary low calcium/malabsorption or Diabetes type 1
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5
Q

What bone densitometry method is used?

A

DEXA

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6
Q

Where is best to scan during DEXA?

A

Hip

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7
Q

What is bone mineral density compared to in DEXA?

A

To the BMD of a young healthy adult

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8
Q

What is the T-score?

A

Number of standard deviations the BMD is from the youthful average

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9
Q

What does a T-score from 0 to negative 1 mean?

A

Normal

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10
Q

What does a T-score from negative 1 to negative 2.5 mean?

A

Osteopenia

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11
Q

What does a T-score of negative 2.5 or worse mean?

A

Osteoporosis

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12
Q

What is normal on a blood test?

A

Calcium, phosphate, ALP

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13
Q

What lifestyle management is there?

A

Exercise, maintain a healthy weight, stop smoking, reduce alcohol

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14
Q

What is the first line management?

A

Bisphosphonates and supplements

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15
Q

What supplements would you give?

A

Calcium and vitamin D

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16
Q

What prevention can you give to post-menopausal females?

A

HRT

17
Q

What is denosumab?

A

A monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand and therefore blocks activity of osteoclasts

18
Q

When is denosumab given?

A

As second line management

19
Q

How often do you repeat DEXA?

A

Every 2 years

20
Q

Which fractures are more common if trabecular bone is affected?

A

Crush fractures of vertebrae

21
Q

Which fractures are more common if cortical bone is affected?

A

Long bone fractures

22
Q

What is a FRAX score?

A

Fracture risk assessment tool. 10 year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture/hip fracture

23
Q

Give examples of bisphosphonates

A

Alendronate/alendronic acid, risendronate, zolendronic acid

24
Q

What is AdCal?

A

Vitamin D and calcium supplement

25
Q

What do bisphosphonates do?

A

Inhibit bone resorption through the inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase which reduces osteoclast activity

26
Q

What is a side effect of bisphosphonates?

A

Oesophagitis

Musculoskeletal (18 decks)

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