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Clinical Anatomy > Osteology of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Osteology of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Axilla more commonly known as?

A

Armpit

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2
Q

Which joint is common for rotator cuff tendonopathy?

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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3
Q

Explain in terms of the movements of your bony anatomy which structures enable forearm pronation?

A

Radius and Ulnar

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4
Q

A Posterior dislocation to sternoclavicular joint is medical emergency. True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

Synovial Joint

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6
Q

What does supra mean?

A

Above

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7
Q

What does Infra mean?

A

Below

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8
Q

What muscles insert into the coracoid process?

A

Pec minor/coracobrachialis / short head of the biceps

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9
Q

What inserts into the Supraglenoid tubercle?

A

long head of the bicep

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10
Q

What runs through the suprascapula notch?

A

suprascapular artery and nerves

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11
Q

What are the most common ligaments to feature in an AC joint injury?

A

Conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament

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12
Q

Which muscle does the Subscapular fossa house?

A

Subscapularis

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13
Q

Intertubercular groove and bicipital groove are the same thing. True or False?

A

True

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14
Q

Where is a common referral pain area for rotator cuff injury?

A

Deltoid Tuberosity

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15
Q

Which epicondyle is closer to the trochlea?

A

Medial Epicondyle

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16
Q

Which epicondyle is bigger?

A

Medial epicondyle

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17
Q

Which epicondyle is closer to the capitellum?

A

Lateral Epicondyle

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18
Q

Where do flexors and extensors of the arm originate?

A

The epicondyles

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19
Q

What could a medial epicondyle issue indicate?

A

Golfer’s Elbow

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20
Q

What could a lateral epicondyle issue indicate?

A

Tennis Elbow

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21
Q

What muscle inserts into the tuberosity of ulna?

A

Brachialis

22
Q

What is the Brachialis muscle?

A

Flexor of the arm

23
Q

What muscle inserts into the radial tuberosity?

A

Biceps Brachii

24
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle Joint

25
Q

What type of joint is the Acromioclavicular Joint?

A

Plane joint

26
Q

What ligaments help form the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior Sternoclavicular ligament, Posterior SC, Interclavicular & Costoclavicular

27
Q

AC joint is weak and is easily injured by a direct blow. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

What happens with a Dislocation of AC joint?

A

When both AC and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn, the shoulder separates (falls away) from the clavicle because of the weight of the upper limb

29
Q

Where is the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

Attached medially to margin of glenoid cavity & laterally to anatomical neck of humerus
Encloses proximal attachment of long head of biceps brachii (supraglenoid tubercle)

30
Q

Where are the bursa’s on the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

Subscapular bursa
Between tendon of subscapularis and neck of scapula
Communicates with cavity of shoulder joint
Extension of glenohumeral joint cavity
Subacromial bursa (Subdeltoid bursa)
Large bursa inferior to acromion, coracoacromial ligament & deltoid muscle
Facilitates movement of supraspinatus tendon under coracoacromial arch and of the deltoid over the capsule of glenohumeral joint and greater tubercle of humerus

31
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis.

32
Q

In a dislocation of the GH joint, Due to coracoacromial arch & rotator cuff (superior stability), most dislocations of humeral head are…?

A

Downward

33
Q

Where is the weakest part of the clavicle?

A

junction of its middle & lateral thirds

34
Q

What is the ligament at the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?

A

Annular

35
Q

What ligaments are at the Distal Radioulnar Joint?

A

Anterior and Posterior

36
Q

What ligaments are in the wrist joint?

A

Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal
Ulna Collateral
Radial Collateral

37
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Condyloid joint

38
Q

What ligaments are in the intercarpal joints?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Interosseous

39
Q

What ligaments are in the carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints?

A

Anterior and Posterior Carpometacarpal
Anterior and Posterior Metacarpal
Posterior Interosseous

40
Q

What ligaments are in the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?

A

Collateral, Palmar and Transverse Metacarpal

41
Q

What is superficial fascia?

A

composed of loose fatty highly variable connective tissue
Is a thermal regulator and provides protection for the skin from boney prominences

42
Q

What is deep fascia?

A

Dense, organised connective tissue layer that invests deep structures such as the muscles
E.g. Medial and lateral intermuscular septa divides the arm into the anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) fascial compartments

43
Q

Where is the Apex of the Axilla?

A

Between first rib, clavicle and superior edge of subscapularis

44
Q

Where is the base of the Axilla?

A

Skin, subcutaneous tissue and axillary fascia

45
Q

Where is the anterior wall of the Axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor and associated fascia

46
Q

Where is the posterior wall of the Axilla?

A

Scapula and subscapularis, and inferiorly by teres major and latissimus dorsi

47
Q

Where is the medial wall of the Axilla?

A

Thoracic wall (1st-4th ribs and intercostal muscles), serratus anterior

48
Q

Where is the lateral wall of the Axilla?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

49
Q

What are the 5 axillary lymph nodes?

A

pectoral (anterior)
lateral
posterior
central
apical

50
Q

What is the branch from the first part of the Axillary artery?

A

Superior Thoracic

51
Q

What are the branches from the second part of the Axillary artery?

A

thoracoacromial
lateral thoracic

52
Q

What are the branches from the third part of the Axillary artery?

A

subscapular
anterior humeral circumflex
posterior humeral circumflex

Clinical Anatomy (21 decks)

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