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Clinical Anatomy > Muscles of the forearm and hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of the forearm?

A

Anterior (flexor-pronator) and
Posterior (extensor-supinator)

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2
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of ulna

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3
Q

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

A

Middle of lateral surface of radius

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4
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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5
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronates and flexes elbow

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6
Q

Flexor-pronator muscles are divided into two groups: what are they?

A

Superficial group of muscles (5):
(Cross the elbow joint)
Deep group of muscles (3):
(Do not cross the elbow joint)

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7
Q

What are the superficial group of muscles of the forearm? (Flexor-pronator)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis – second layer

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8
Q

What are the deep group of muscles of the forearm? (Flexor-pronator)

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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12
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Flexes and abducts wrist

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13
Q

What is the origin of Palmaris Longus?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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14
Q

What is the insertion of Palmaris Longus?

A

Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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15
Q

What is the innervation of Palmaris Longus?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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16
Q

What is the action of Palmaris Longus?

A

Flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
(absent in 14% of the population)

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17
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Olecranon and posterior border of ulna

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18
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

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19
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

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20
Q

What is the action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Flexes and adducts wrist

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21
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: Superior half of anterior border of radius

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22
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits

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23
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

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24
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; acting more strongly it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints

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25
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Proximal three fourths of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

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26
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Base of distal phalanges of medial four digits

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27
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Lateral part: median nerve (C8, T1)

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28
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of the hand

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29
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

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30
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

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31
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, T1)

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32
Q

What is the action of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb

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33
Q

What is the origin of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Distal fourth of anterior surface ulna

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34
Q

What is the insertion of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Distal fourth of anterior surface of radius

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35
Q

What is the innervation of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, T1)

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36
Q

What is the action of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm; deep fibres bind radius and ulna together

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37
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the extensor-supinator muscles?

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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38
Q

What are the deep muscles of the extensor-supinator muscles?

A

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

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39
Q

What muscles Extend Abduct and adduct the wrist?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

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40
Q

Which muscles extend the medial 4 digits?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor Indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

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41
Q

Which muscles extend and abduct the first digit?

A

Abductor Pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

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42
Q

What is the origin of Brachioradialis?

A

Proximal two thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

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43
Q

What is the insertion of Brachioradialis?

A

lateral surface of radius proximal to the radial styloid

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44
Q

What is the innervation of Brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

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45
Q

What is the action of Brachioradialis?

A

Weak flexor of the forearm, maximal when the forearm is in midpronated position

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46
Q

What are Muscles that extend and abduct (1) or adduct the hand at the wrist (2)?

A

1 Extensor carpi radialis longus and Extensor carpi radialis brevis

2 Extensor carpi ulnaris

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47
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and a few fibres from
the lateral epicondyle

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48
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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49
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

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50
Q

What is the action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

A

Extend and abduct wrist

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51
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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52
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

A

Base of 3rd metacarpal

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53
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

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54
Q

What is the action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

A

Extend and abduct wrist

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55
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

56
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

57
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

58
Q

What is the action of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Extends and adducts wrist

59
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Indicis?

A

Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

60
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Indicis?

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

61
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

62
Q

What is the action of Extensor Indicis?

A

Extends 2nd digit and helps extend the hand

63
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

64
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum?

A

Extensor expansions of medial four digits

65
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Digitorum?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

66
Q

What is the action of Extensor Digitorum?

A

Extends medial four metacarpophalangeal joints; extends wrist

67
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Digiti Minimi?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

68
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Digiti Minimi?

A

Extensor expansion of 5th digit

69
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Digiti Minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

70
Q

What is the action of Extensor Digiti Minimi?

A

Extends 5th metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

71
Q

What is the origin of the supinator muscle?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, supinator crest of ulna

72
Q

What is the insertion of the supinator muscle?

A

Lateral posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

73
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator muscle?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6)

74
Q

What is the action of the supinator muscle?

A

Supinates forearm

75
Q

What is the origin of Abductor Pollicis Longus?

A

Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane

76
Q

What is the insertion of Abductor Pollicis Longus?

A

Base of 1st metacarpal

77
Q

What is the innervation of Abductor Pollicis Longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

78
Q

What is the action of Abductor Pollicis Longus?

A

Abducts and extends thumb at the carpometacarpal joint

79
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

80
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

81
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

82
Q

What is the action of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

83
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Pollicis Longus?

A

Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

84
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Pollicis Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

85
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Pollicis Longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

86
Q

What is the action of Extensor Pollicis Longus?

A

Extends thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints

87
Q

What muscles are in the thenar compartment of the hand?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

88
Q

What muscles are in the adductor compartment of the hand?

A

Adductor pollicis

89
Q

What muscles are in the hypothenar compartment of the hand?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

90
Q

What muscles are in the central compartment of the hand?

A

Lumbricals
Interossei

91
Q

What is the origin of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

92
Q

What is the insertion of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

93
Q

What is the innervation of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

94
Q

What is the action of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Abducts thumb and helps oppose it

95
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

96
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

97
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

98
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?

A

Flexes thumb

99
Q

What is the origin of Opponens Pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

100
Q

What is the insertion of Opponens Pollicis?

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

101
Q

What is the innervation of Opponens Pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

102
Q

What is the action of Opponens Pollicis?

A

Opposes thumb toward centre of palm

103
Q

What is the origin of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Oblique head: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
Transverse head: Anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal

104
Q

What is the insertion of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

105
Q

What is the innervation of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

106
Q

What is the action of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Adducts thumb

107
Q

What is the origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Pisiform

108
Q

What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

109
Q

What is the innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

110
Q

What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Abducts 5th digit

111
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

112
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

113
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

114
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

115
Q

What is the origin of Opponens Digiti Minimi?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

116
Q

What is insertion of Opponens Digiti Minimi?

A

Medial border of 5th metacarpal

117
Q

What is the innervation of Opponens Digiti Minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

118
Q

What is the action of Opponens Digiti Minimi?

A

Brings the 5th digit into opposition with the thumb

119
Q

What is the origin of the Lumbricals?

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2: Lateral two tendons of
flexor digitorum profundus
Lumbricals 3 and 4: Medial three tendons
of flexor digitorum profundus

120
Q

What is the insertion of the Lumbricals?

A

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5

121
Q

What is the innervation of Lumbricals?

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2: Median nerve (C8, T1)
Lumbricals 3 and 4: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

122
Q

What is the action of Lumbricals?

A

Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

123
Q

What is the origin of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?

A

Adjacent sides of two metacarpals

124
Q

What is the insertion of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?

A

Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

125
Q

What is the innervation of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

126
Q

What is the action of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?

A

Abducts digits, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

127
Q

What is the origin of the Palmar Interossei PAD?

A

Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals

128
Q

What is the insertion of Palmar Interossei PAD?

A

Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, and 5

129
Q

What is the innervation of Palmar Interossei PAD?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

130
Q

What is the action of Palmar Interossei PAD?

A

Adducts digits, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

131
Q

What muscles allow abduction of the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Abductor pollicis brevis

132
Q

What muscles allow adduction of the thumb?

A

Adductor pollicis

133
Q

What muscles allow extension of the thumb?

A

Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor Pollicis longus

134
Q

What muscles allow Flexion of the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis

135
Q

What muscles allow opposition of the thumb?

A

Opponens pollicis

Clinical Anatomy (21 decks)

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