Embryology 1

Question 1

What is Meiosis?

Answer 1

Meiosis is a type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically different from their parent cell.

Question 2

What are the benefits of meiosis?

Answer 2

Increases the amount of variation in a species.

Improves the chance of that species will then be able adapt to any changes in its environment.

After an egg and sperm combine, the diploid number is restored, and no accumulation of genetic material occurs over subsequent generations.

Question 3

What is Mitosis?

Answer 3

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 4

What are the 5 cell division phases of Mitosis?

Answer 4

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (IPMAT)

Question 5

What is the name of any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome?

Answer 5

Autosome

Question 6

What is Chiasma?

Answer 6

a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands.

Question 7

What is Capacitation?

Answer 7

the physiological changes sperm must undertake in order to have the ability to swim faster and penetrate an egg. On contact with the egg, there is a acrosomal reaction which results in activation of enzymes that allow for penetration of zona pellucida (a shell of glycoprotein surrounding the oocyte) and fertilization

Question 8

How long does the process of Spermatogenesis take?

Answer 8

Approximately 64 days

Question 9

In day 5 of the menstrual cycle, what does the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 9

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 10

Gonadatropin-releasing hormone stimulate pituitary to increase production of what?

Answer 10

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Leutenizing Hormone (LH)

Question 11

How many hours after the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) AND Leutenizing Hormone (LH) surge will there be follicular rupture from internal pressure?

Answer 11

Approx 38 hours

Question 12

What does the ruptured follicle become?

Answer 12

Corpus Luteum

Question 13

What is polyspermy?

Answer 13

Fertilization by multiple sperm

Question 14

What is the word for more than 32 cells?

Answer 14

Morula

Question 15

What is the name of the inner portion of a blastocyst?

Answer 15

Embryoblast

Question 16

What is the name of the outer portion of a blastocyst?

Answer 16

Trophoblast

Question 17

On what day does the Morula reach the Uterus?

Answer 17

Day 5

Question 18

What is a Zygote?

Answer 18

Diploid cell formed from fusion of two haploid cells

Question 19

How long does the Corpus Luteum remain active before the placenta takes over?

Answer 19

11-12 weeks

Question 20

What is the word for cell membrane disappearing and cell mass forming?

Answer 20

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 21

What is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother.

Answer 21

Syncytiotrophoblast

Question 22

Embryoblast differentiates into how many layers?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

What is the basement membrane between layers?

Answer 23

Bilaminar germ disc