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Clinical Anatomy > Muscles of the lower leg and foot > Flashcards

Muscles of the lower leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

Diamond shaped depression of the posterior aspect of the knee

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superolaterally: Biceps femoris
Superomedially: Semimembranosus (lateral to it is semitendinosus)

Inferolaterally and inferomedially: Lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius

Posteriorly (roof): Skin and fascia

Anteriorly (floor): Popliteal surface of femur, oblique popliteal ligament, and popliteal fascia over the popliteus

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3
Q

What is the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery – Genicular arteries and genicular anastomosis
Popliteal Vein and Small saphenous vein
Sciatic Nerve - Tibial and common fibular nerves
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (end branch)
Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

What bursae are related to the anterior portion of the knee?

A

supra-patella bursa
prepatellar bursa
superficial infra-patellar bursa
deep infrapatellar bursa

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5
Q

What bursae are related to the posterior portion of the knee?

A

popliteus bursa
semimembrenosus bursa
semitendonosus bursa
gastrocnemius bursa
gracilis bursa
biceps bursa
sartorius bursa

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6
Q

What is the origin of Tibialis Anterior?

A

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

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7
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis Anterior?

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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8
Q

What is the innervation of Tibialis Anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4/L5)

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9
Q

What is the action of Tibialis Anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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10
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4ths of medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane

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11
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Tendons form extensor expansion at the proximal phalanx called the dorsal aponeurosis and then gives two lateral slips and one middle slip which are attached to the middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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12
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5/S1)

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13
Q

What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle

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14
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Superolateral surface of calcaneus, extensor retinaculum

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15
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Four tendons with the medial most Known as the Extensor Hallucis Brevis goes to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe and other three on the lateral sides of tendon of the extensor digitorum longus to 2-4 digits

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16
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Deep fibular nerve L5 /S1

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17
Q

What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Extension of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of 2-4 digits

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18
Q

What is the origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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19
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

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20
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5/S1)

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21
Q

What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

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22
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis/Peroneus Tertius?

A

Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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23
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis/Peroneus Tertius?

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

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24
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis/Peroneus Tertius?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5/S1)

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25
Q

What is the action of Fibularis/Peroneus Tertius?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in foot eversion
(present in 93% of humans)

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26
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis/Peroneus Longus?

A

Fibularis/Peroneus Longus

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27
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis/Peroneus Longus?

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiforms

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28
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis/Peroneus Longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5/S1/S2)

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29
Q

What is the action of Fibularis/Peroneus Longus?

A

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

30
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis/Peroneus Brevis?

A

Inferior 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula

31
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis/Peroneus Brevis?

A

Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

32
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis/Peroneus Brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5/S1/S2)

33
Q

What is the action of Fibularis/Peroneus Brevis?

A

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

34
Q

What is the origin of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

35
Q

What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

36
Q

What is the innervation of Gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1/S2)

37
Q

What is the action of Gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexes the ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking and flexes leg at knee joint. Forceful rapid movement like running and jumping

38
Q

What is the origin of the Soleus

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior 1/4th of posterior surface of fibula soleal line and medial border of tibia

39
Q

What is the insertion of the Soleus?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

40
Q

What is the innervation of the Soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1/S2)

41
Q

What is the action of the Soleus?

A

Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee and steadies leg on foot

42
Q

What is the origin of Plantaris?

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

43
Q

What is the insertion of Plantaris?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

44
Q

What is the innervation of Plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve (S1/S2)

45
Q

What is the action of Plantaris?

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee

46
Q

What is the origin of Popliteus?

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

47
Q

What is the insertion of Popliteus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

48
Q

What is the innervation of Popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4/L5/S1)

49
Q

What is the action of Popliteus?

A

Weakly flexes knee. Unlocks the extended knee by rotating the femur laterally on the fixed tibia and vice versa

50
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Inferior 2/3rds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

51
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

52
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2/S3)

53
Q

What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot

54
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line

55
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

56
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2/S3)

57
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

58
Q

What is the origin of Tibialis Posterior?

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

59
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?

A

Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

60
Q

What is the innervation of Tibialis Posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (L4/L5)

61
Q

What is the action of Tibialis Posterior?

A

Plantarflexes ankle and inverts foot

62
Q

Arrangement of structures on the medial malleolus are?

A

Tom
Dick
And
Very
Nervous
Harry

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum
Artery
Vein
Nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

63
Q

What is the action of Abductor Hallucis?

A

Abducts & flexes great toe

64
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits

65
Q

What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Abducts & flexes 5th digit

66
Q

What is the action of Quadratus Plantae?

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits

67
Q

What is the action of the Lumbricals?

A

Flexes proximal phalanges and extends middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

68
Q

What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

69
Q

What is the action of Adductor Hallucis?

A

Adducts 1st digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

70
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

71
Q

What is the action of Plantar Interossei (PAD = three muscles)?

A

Adducts digits (2-4) and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints

72
Q

What is the action of Dorsal Interossei (DAB = four muscles)?

A

Abducts digits (2-4) and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints

Clinical Anatomy (21 decks)

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