osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that causes degeneration of articular cartilage, primarily in weight-bearing joints, leading to deformity and thickening of subchondral bone and impaired functional status.
Which joints are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
The most commonly affected sites include the hands and weight-bearing joints such as the hips and knees.
What is the etiology of osteoarthritis?
The cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, but it typically appears during middle age and affects nearly all individuals to some extent by age 70.
How does the prevalence of osteoarthritis differ between men and women?
Osteoarthritis occurs more commonly in men than women up to age 55; however, it becomes more common in women later in life.
What are some risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?
Risk factors include being overweight, having fractures or other joint injuries, and experiencing occupational or athletic overuse.
What are common signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Common signs and symptoms include gradual onset of pain at the affected joint, increased pain after exercise, stiffness, crepitus, enlarged joints, and limited joint range of motion.
What diagnostic tools are used for osteoarthritis?
Blood tests are not helpful in diagnosing osteoarthritis; however, radiographs may show diminished joint space or bone spurs.
What is the primary goal of osteoarthritis treatment?
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce pain, promote joint function, and protect the joint.
What types of pharmacological management are available for osteoarthritis?
Pharmacological management may include acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids.
What is viscosupplementation and how does it help patients with osteoarthritis?
Viscosupplementation involves a series of injections of hyaluronic acid into the knee to improve lubrication, reduce pain, and improve range of motion.
What physical therapy interventions are beneficial for osteoarthritis patients?
Beneficial interventions include passive and active range of motion exercises, heating and cooling agents, patient education, strengthening exercises, and joint protection techniques.
What surgical options are available for osteoarthritis treatment?
Surgical interventions can range from arthroscopic surgery to total joint arthroplasty.
