achilles tendonitis Flashcards
What is Achilles tendonitis?
Achilles tendonitis is a repetitive overuse disorder resulting in microscopic tears of collagen fibers on the surface or in the substance of the Achilles tendon.
Where is the Achilles tendon most often impacted?
The tendon is most often impacted in an avascular zone located two to six centimeters above the insertion of the tendon.
What is the etiology of Achilles tendonitis?
Repetitive overload of the Achilles tendon often caused by changes in training intensity or faulty technique.
Who is at increased risk for Achilles tendonitis?
Patients with limited flexibility and strength in the gastrocnemius and soleus complex and patients with a pronated or cavus foot are at increased risk.
What activities are frequently associated with Achilles tendonitis?
Activities frequently associated with Achilles tendonitis include running, basketball, gymnastics, and dancing.
What is a potential long-term consequence of a history of Achilles tendonitis?
A history of Achilles tendonitis increases the likelihood of an Achilles tendon rupture later in life.
What are the signs and symptoms of Achilles tendonitis?
Signs and symptoms include aching or burning in the posterior heel, tenderness of the Achilles tendon, pain with increased activity, swelling and thickening in the tendon area, muscle weakness due to pain, and morning stiffness.
What is the initial treatment for Achilles tendonitis?
Initially, RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), and analgesics as needed.
What additional treatments may be used for Achilles tendonitis?
A heel lift and cross-training may be used to limit the amount of tensile loading through the tendon.
What are some prevention strategies for Achilles tendonitis?
Prevention includes heel cord stretching exercises, use of appropriate soft-soled footwear, eccentric strengthening of the gastrocnemius and soleus complex, and avoiding sudden changes in intensity of training programs.
