acl Flashcards
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
The ACL prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur.
Where does the ACL run?
The ACL runs from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch.
How is the extent of an ACL sprain classified?
The extent of the sprain is classified according to the extent of ligament damage.
What characterizes a grade I ACL sprain?
A grade I sprain involves microscopic tears of the ligament.
What characterizes a grade III ACL sprain?
A grade III sprain indicates a completely torn ligament.
What is a common etiology for an ACL sprain?
A noncontact twisting injury associated with hyperextension, varus or valgus stress to the knee.
What other knee structures are often injured with an ACL sprain?
Injury to the medial capsule, medial collateral ligament, and menisci is common.
What signs and symptoms may a patient report with an ACL injury?
The patient may report a loud pop or feeling the knee ‘giving way’ or ‘buckling’, followed by dizziness, sweating, and swelling.
What special tests are used to identify an ACL tear?
The anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and lateral pivot shift test.
What initial treatment is recommended for an ACL injury?
Initially RICE, NSAIDs, and analgesics as needed.
What does conservative treatment for an ACL injury include?
Lower extremity strengthening exercises emphasizing the quadriceps and the hamstrings.
When is surgery warranted for an ACL injury?
Surgery is often warranted for a complete ACL tear (grade III).
What does ACL surgery typically involve?
Intra-articular reconstruction using the patellar tendon, iliotibial band, or hamstrings tendon.
What is the benefit of a derotation brace for ACL injuries?
A derotation brace may be beneficial for a patient with an ACL deficient knee, however, it has limited benefit for a patient following surgical reconstruction.
