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Step 2CK > Orthopedics & Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the tx for mild fractures without displacement?

A

Closed reduction

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2
Q

What’s the tx for severe fractures with displacement or misalignment?

A

Open reduction and internal fixation

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3
Q

What’s the tx for open fractures?

A

Surgical skin closure, bone setting, and debridement

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4
Q

What’s the most common stress fracture location?

A

Metatarsals

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5
Q

Does xray show stress fracture?

A

No

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6
Q

What might be the dx in an elderly person who gets a rib fracture from coughing?

A

Pathologic fracture (from cancer)

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7
Q

What’s the tx for trigger finger?

A

Steroid shot

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8
Q

ACL tear is usually due to an _____ blow to the knee?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

What’s the dx method for all knee ligament injuries?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What 2 knee injuries are caused by trauma to the opposite side of the injury?

A

MCL and LCL injury

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11
Q

What dx presents with pain with abduction, internal rotation, and overhead activities, and leads to rotator cuff tears?

A

Subacromial impingement syndrome

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12
Q

What dx presents with weakness and pain with abduction and external rotation, can be from FOOSH or chronic impingement?

A

Rotator cuff tear

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13
Q

What’s the most common rotator cuff tear?

A

Supraspinatous (first 15 degrees of abduction)

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14
Q

What dx is associated with the popeye sign?

A

Biceps tendon tear

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15
Q

What dx is associated with restricted shoulder movement in all planes, with risk factors of DM, CVA, hypothyroidism?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

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16
Q

What dx is usually the result of a fall onto the tip of the shoulder and is associated with pain with palpation over the AC joint and on adduction of arm?

A

AC joint separation

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17
Q

What dx is associated with shoulder instability, locking clicking, and also associated with biceps tendon rupture and fatigue, pain, paresthesias in throwing position?

A

Labral tear

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18
Q

What’s the most common type of glenohumoral dislocation?

A

Anterior

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19
Q

How is the arm held in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Abducted with external rotation

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20
Q

How is the arm held in a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Adducted with internal rotation

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21
Q

How does an AC joint tear present?

A

Pain on crossing arm

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22
Q

How does a subacromial impingement present?

A

Pain on raising arm straight up

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23
Q

What does an empty can test for?

A

Supraspinatus tear

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24
Q

What is the real name for tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

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25
Q

How does lateral epicondylitis present?

A

Pain over the lateral epicondyle that radiates into forearm and increases with repetitive supination or forearm extension, often causing weakness in grip strength

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26
Q

How does medial epicondylitis present?

A

Pain over the medial epicondyle that increases with valgus stress or pronation motions

27
Q

Mnemonic for lateral epicondylitis pain

A

“Sup, look at my lats”

28
Q

What dx presents with pain and tenderness over the radial side of the wrist?

A

DeQuervain Tenosynovitis

29
Q

Which 2 tendons are involved in DeQuervain?

A
  1. Extensor pollicis brevis

2. Abductor pollicis longus

30
Q

Which dx presents with pain upon flexing thumb into palm, making fist, then deviating wrist ulnarly?

A

DeQuervain

31
Q

What are 3 causes of DeQuervain?

A
  1. Bowling
  2. Holding a baby
  3. Texting
32
Q

Which bone is involved in a snuffbox break?

A

Scaphoid

33
Q

If thumb fracture isn’t seen on plain x-ray but is strongly suspected, what’s the best plan?

A

Thumb spica cast for 10-14 days and then repeat x-ray

34
Q

What dx presents with hip and groin pain worsened by activity, relieved by rest, and has specific risk factors such as sickle cell?

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

35
Q

What’s the best test for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

A

MRI

36
Q

What’s the tx for avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

A

Total hip arthroplasty

37
Q

Which knee dx occurs due to hyperflexion, posterior force on a planted leg, or dashboard injury?

A

PCL

38
Q

Which knee dx occurs due to hyperextension, cutting, and valgus stress on a fixed, planted, and rotated knee?

A

ACL

39
Q

Which knee dx occurs due to tibial rotation on a fixed and flexed knee?

A

Medial meniscus

40
Q

Which knee dx presents with lateral knee pain over the Gerdy tubercle where the IT band inserts?

A

ITBS

41
Q

Which knee dx presents with anterior knee pain under the patella?

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

42
Q

Which knee dx presents with inferior patellar knee pain and occurs in athletes with jumping sports?

A

Patellar tendonitis

43
Q

Which is worse in OA of the knee: medial or lateral pain?

A

Medial

44
Q

McMurray tests for?

A

Medial meniscus

45
Q

Which knee dx occurs due to squatting with full flexion of the knee and rotation?

A

Lateral meniscus

46
Q

Which foot dx presents with pain in 2nd metatarsal due to repeated tension?

A

Stress fracture

47
Q

Which foot dx presents with 5th metatarsal fracture?

A

Jones fracture

48
Q

Which foot dx presents with numbness and burning pain between 3rd and 4th digits?

A

Morton neuroma

49
Q

Which foot dx presents with tingling and weakness on the medial side of the sole of the foot?

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

50
Q

Which foot dx presents with a deformity causing pain at the MTP?

A

Hallux valgus (bunion)

51
Q

Which knee dx presents with sx similar to a DVT and needs US as a first test?

A

Baker’s cyst, Popliteal cyst

52
Q

Which knee dx presents with pain with palpation just distal to medial joint line of the knee?

A

Pes anserine (bursa)

53
Q

Which knee bursa is due to repetitive kneeling?

A

Prepatellar bursa (housemaid’s knee)

54
Q

Which bursa can be associated with pain over the greater trochanter where the gluteus medius inserts?

A

Trochanteric bursitis

55
Q

Which bursa causes posterior elbow pain and is often in students leaning their elbow?

A

Olecranon bursitis

56
Q

Atlantoaxial instability is a common comorbidity of what genetic condition?

A

Down syndrome

57
Q

What joint instability can cause subluxation, SC injury, and upper motor neuron signs?

A

Atlantoaxial instability

58
Q

What’s the tx for AA instability?

A

Surgical fusion

59
Q

What dx presents with anterior knee pain in children who are athletic and undergoing a growth spurt?

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

60
Q

What’s the best tx for Osgood Schlatter disease?

A

NSAIDs and patellar strap

61
Q

What dx occurs in children ages 1-5 years because of upward traction on the forearm?

A

Nursemaid’s elbow (radial head subluxation)

62
Q

How do kids hold their arm when they have Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Pronated

63
Q

How do you reduce a Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Hyperpronation and/or supination with hyperflexion

Step 2CK (31 decks)

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