Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Flashcards
What’s the tx for mild fractures without displacement?
Closed reduction
What’s the tx for severe fractures with displacement or misalignment?
Open reduction and internal fixation
What’s the tx for open fractures?
Surgical skin closure, bone setting, and debridement
What’s the most common stress fracture location?
Metatarsals
Does xray show stress fracture?
No
What might be the dx in an elderly person who gets a rib fracture from coughing?
Pathologic fracture (from cancer)
What’s the tx for trigger finger?
Steroid shot
ACL tear is usually due to an _____ blow to the knee?
Anterior
What’s the dx method for all knee ligament injuries?
MRI
What 2 knee injuries are caused by trauma to the opposite side of the injury?
MCL and LCL injury
What dx presents with pain with abduction, internal rotation, and overhead activities, and leads to rotator cuff tears?
Subacromial impingement syndrome
What dx presents with weakness and pain with abduction and external rotation, can be from FOOSH or chronic impingement?
Rotator cuff tear
What’s the most common rotator cuff tear?
Supraspinatous (first 15 degrees of abduction)
What dx is associated with the popeye sign?
Biceps tendon tear
What dx is associated with restricted shoulder movement in all planes, with risk factors of DM, CVA, hypothyroidism?
Adhesive capsulitis
What dx is usually the result of a fall onto the tip of the shoulder and is associated with pain with palpation over the AC joint and on adduction of arm?
AC joint separation
What dx is associated with shoulder instability, locking clicking, and also associated with biceps tendon rupture and fatigue, pain, paresthesias in throwing position?
Labral tear
What’s the most common type of glenohumoral dislocation?
Anterior
How is the arm held in an anterior shoulder dislocation?
Abducted with external rotation
How is the arm held in a posterior shoulder dislocation?
Adducted with internal rotation
How does an AC joint tear present?
Pain on crossing arm
How does a subacromial impingement present?
Pain on raising arm straight up
What does an empty can test for?
Supraspinatus tear
What is the real name for tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis
How does lateral epicondylitis present?
Pain over the lateral epicondyle that radiates into forearm and increases with repetitive supination or forearm extension, often causing weakness in grip strength
How does medial epicondylitis present?
Pain over the medial epicondyle that increases with valgus stress or pronation motions
Mnemonic for lateral epicondylitis pain
“Sup, look at my lats”
What dx presents with pain and tenderness over the radial side of the wrist?
DeQuervain Tenosynovitis
Which 2 tendons are involved in DeQuervain?
- Extensor pollicis brevis
2. Abductor pollicis longus
Which dx presents with pain upon flexing thumb into palm, making fist, then deviating wrist ulnarly?
DeQuervain
What are 3 causes of DeQuervain?
- Bowling
- Holding a baby
- Texting
Which bone is involved in a snuffbox break?
Scaphoid
If thumb fracture isn’t seen on plain x-ray but is strongly suspected, what’s the best plan?
Thumb spica cast for 10-14 days and then repeat x-ray
What dx presents with hip and groin pain worsened by activity, relieved by rest, and has specific risk factors such as sickle cell?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
What’s the best test for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
MRI
What’s the tx for avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
Total hip arthroplasty
Which knee dx occurs due to hyperflexion, posterior force on a planted leg, or dashboard injury?
PCL
Which knee dx occurs due to hyperextension, cutting, and valgus stress on a fixed, planted, and rotated knee?
ACL
Which knee dx occurs due to tibial rotation on a fixed and flexed knee?
Medial meniscus
Which knee dx presents with lateral knee pain over the Gerdy tubercle where the IT band inserts?
ITBS
Which knee dx presents with anterior knee pain under the patella?
Patellofemoral syndrome
Which knee dx presents with inferior patellar knee pain and occurs in athletes with jumping sports?
Patellar tendonitis
Which is worse in OA of the knee: medial or lateral pain?
Medial
McMurray tests for?
Medial meniscus
Which knee dx occurs due to squatting with full flexion of the knee and rotation?
Lateral meniscus
Which foot dx presents with pain in 2nd metatarsal due to repeated tension?
Stress fracture
Which foot dx presents with 5th metatarsal fracture?
Jones fracture
Which foot dx presents with numbness and burning pain between 3rd and 4th digits?
Morton neuroma
Which foot dx presents with tingling and weakness on the medial side of the sole of the foot?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Which foot dx presents with a deformity causing pain at the MTP?
Hallux valgus (bunion)
Which knee dx presents with sx similar to a DVT and needs US as a first test?
Baker’s cyst, Popliteal cyst
Which knee dx presents with pain with palpation just distal to medial joint line of the knee?
Pes anserine (bursa)
Which knee bursa is due to repetitive kneeling?
Prepatellar bursa (housemaid’s knee)
Which bursa can be associated with pain over the greater trochanter where the gluteus medius inserts?
Trochanteric bursitis
Which bursa causes posterior elbow pain and is often in students leaning their elbow?
Olecranon bursitis
Atlantoaxial instability is a common comorbidity of what genetic condition?
Down syndrome
What joint instability can cause subluxation, SC injury, and upper motor neuron signs?
Atlantoaxial instability
What’s the tx for AA instability?
Surgical fusion
What dx presents with anterior knee pain in children who are athletic and undergoing a growth spurt?
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
What’s the best tx for Osgood Schlatter disease?
NSAIDs and patellar strap
What dx occurs in children ages 1-5 years because of upward traction on the forearm?
Nursemaid’s elbow (radial head subluxation)
How do kids hold their arm when they have Nursemaid’s elbow?
Pronated
How do you reduce a Nursemaid’s elbow?
Hyperpronation and/or supination with hyperflexion
